Artificial wetlands are now constructed to be used for wastewater treatment, water quality improvement of reservoirs, and landscape reintegration purposes. The removal and degradation of enriched nutrients and pollutants from them are efficiently done by the activity of wetland plants. Most studies are focused on the purification capacity; the identification and classification of these species are lacking.In the present research, chloroplast genomes (cp genome) of three wetland plants namely, Cyperus alternifolius L., Thalia dealbata Fraser, and Canna indica L. were examined. The cp genomes of these species were sampled and sequenced using Illumina HiSeq platform with a 300-bp paired-end sequencing followed by the analysis of codon usage pattern. In the experiment, 3.86 Gb clean data were obtained and 310 genes from each of C. alternifolius and T. dealbata and 62 genes in C. indica were predicted. In the optimal codons analysis, showed that three cp genome preferred A/U-ending and 3, 11, and 14 were identified in the C. alternifolius, T. dealbata, and C. indica cp genomes, respectively. Advanced analysis indicated that other factors (e.g., natural selection) play a major role in shaping codon usage pattern rather than mutation pressure. These results extend the codon usage bias study of plants and provide genetic data for further identification and phylogenetic studies.Abbreviations: CAI, codon adaptation index; CBI, codon bias index; CDS, protein-coding sequences; COA, correspondence analysis; cp genome, chloroplast genome sequences; ENC, effective number of codons; Fop, frequency of optimal codons; GC3s, GC content at the third synonymous codon positions; RSCU, relative synonymous codon usage

In our research, the complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of Hemiculter bleekeri was obtained from the dorsal myotome of the fish. The total length of the mitochondrial genome is 16,617 bp and deposited in GenBank with accession number KU198332. The gene arrangement was similar to other bony fishes, which contained 37 genes (13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA and 22 transfer RNAs) and a major non-coding control region. The mtDNA may provide some important genetic background information of this valuable fish. The G contents was relatively low in the total mtDNA with the GCskewthinsp;= −0.22. The negative GC-skew ranging from −0.51(ATP8) to −0.19(CO1), and the more positive AT-skew varying from −0.26(ATP8) to −0.03(CO1). The phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that H. Bleekeri was clustered together with Hemiculter leucisculus, which could be a sister species.

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In our research, 16 sets of primers were used to amplify contiguous, overlapping segments of the complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of Odontobutis obscura. The aim of our research was to provide some important genetic background information for conservational practice of these valuable fish species. The total length of the mitochondrial genome is 16 864 bp and deposited in the GenBank with accession numbers KT438552. The gene arrangement and transcriptional direction were similar to other bony fishes which contained 37 genes (13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA, and 22 transfer RNAs) and a major non-coding control region. The nucleotide skewness for the coding strands of O. obscura (GC-skew = -0.26) is biased toward G and the negative GC-skew ranges from -0.51(ND2) to -0.24(CO1). The phylogenetic analysis showed that the Gobiiformes could be divided into three groups, Eleotridae, Odontobutidae and Rhyacichthyidae. The O. Obscura and O. Potamophila are sister species and clustered together.

The first complete mitochondrial genome of Acrossocheilus Labiatus from the Qingshui River were reported in this study with accession number MG878098. The overall nucleotide composition was 31.13% A, 25.10% T, 27.52% C, 16.24% G, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis shows that the A. parallens and A. Hemispinus showed a closest phylogenetic relationship, then clustal with A. Labiatus.