Configuration and transport properties of zigzag graphyne nanoribbon (n = 2) are investigated by means of the first-principles calculations and non-equilibrium Green's function in this work. We demonstrated the controllability of the graphyne's conductivity by gate bias, and the tunneling behavior induced by gate and drain voltages was investigated systemically. The characteristics of Id-Vd, Id-Vg, as well as the evolutions of current with electron temperature elevation were explored. The device exhibits a tunneling ratio around 103, and the state art of tunneling operations of the tunneling field effect transistor in this split-new material was achieved.

It is well-known that for most spherical and cylindrical rubber balloons the pressure versus volume curve associated with uniform inflation both has an N-shape, but their shape bifurcation has different characters: whereas a spherical balloon tends to bifurcate into a pear shape through localized thinning near one of the poles, a cylindrical balloon would always bulge out locally in a symmetric manner. To understand the connection between these two different bifurcation behaviors, we study in this paper the shape bifurcation of an ellipsoidal balloon which becomes a spherical balloon when the three axes are identical, and approximates a cylindrical balloon when one axis is much larger than the other two axes. The ellipsoidal shape is obtained by rotating an ellipse about one of its axes, that gives rise to two possibilities: a rugby shape or a pumpkin shape. It is shown that for a rugby-shaped balloon, there exists a threshold axes ratio below which the slender ellipsoidal balloon behaves more like a tube and bifurcation into a pear shape becomes impossible, whereas for a pumpkin-shaped balloon bifurcation into a pear shape is always possible.

Hazards associated with grain storage facilities are a contributing factor to agricultural injuries and are a perpetual problem for Ohio farmers, especially as on-farm grain storage facilities continue to grow in popularity with producers. To establish effective injury prevention programs, safety professionals must first understand how the industry operates, the culture of the workers, and the current practices used to avoid injuries. This research project was designed to bridge the gap between what is currently known about the hazards that exist on Ohio's farms, specifically how safety and health information is incorporated at the grain handling and storage facilities. Using a four-part survey, 182 cash grain operators, comprising a convenience sample of farmers attending educational events, were surveyed to determine the type of grain storage and handling facilities used on their farms, the occurrence of out-of-condition grain, and the health and safety factors practiced at these facilities, including their knowledge about potential hazards. Results indicated that the farmers preferred to get safety knowledge from a course or seminar (53.6%) or by reading a magazine or periodical (38.8%). The surveyed farmers indicated that they had higher knowledge of the safety risks of out-of-condition grain than of the health effects from exposure to out-of-condition grain (p < 0.01). They identified personal protective equipment (PPE) as their primary measure to prevent injuries, with the top PPE items being respirators, safety glasses, hearing protection, and gloves. Farmers who encountered out-of-condition grain reported more employees on their farms compared to the other farmers in the sample and reported higher use of PPE. While these results cannot be generalized to Ohio's entire population of cash grain farmers, they provide a good understanding of the on-farm grain storage and management practices, which will allow a more targeted intervention plan, both in better engineering controls and in future outreach programs.

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