Due to the nexus of wealth effect and cost effect, the impact of housing price on fertility is ambiguous in theory. However, the relation between housing price and fertility is essential for policymakers, especially in developing countries. This paper constructs an individual-level panel data set of over 40,000 randomly selected Chinese females with detailed fertility history during 2006–2010 from the Census 2010. Exploiting variation of housing price growth across cities over time and conditional on marriage status, we show that a 1,000 yuan upward shift in housing price induces the possibility of new birth by 13.9% for homeowners. Homeownership plays a vital role in housing price on fertility. These findings suggest that the wealth effect of housing price dominates the cost effect during the sample periods in China.

Dam-breaking accidents in tailings ponds may result in loss of tailings, damage to the downstream bridges and houses, flooding of farmland and roads, hazards to the local environment, and even loss of property and lives. Therefore, research on dam breaks in tailings reservoirs and prediction of subsequent impacts are of great significance. This paper describes theoretical and numerical analyses of the retrogressive erosion model and calculations of the sand bed surface profile and sediment transport rate following tailings dam break events. The calculation results show that the degrading rate of the bed surface in the reservoir area reaches a maximum when the breach is formed and then rapidly decreases to a stable value. Farther away from the breach, the peak degrading rate of the bed surface is lower. The time of the peak tailings outflow rate is related to the formation of the breach. A larger breach has a shorter formation time and a greater peak flow.

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