When designing amorphous solid dispersions, it isrecommended that these thermodynamic, kinetic and environmental aspects should be completely investigatedand compared to establish rationale formulations for amorphous solid dispersions with high physical stability.

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The present study aimed to investigate the effect of androgens on chronic heart failure (CHF) in a rat model. A total of 120 Sprague Dawley male rats were randomly divided into the following groups: (A) sham operation group, (B) castrated group, (C) heart failure (HF) group, (D) castrated + HF group, and (E) castrated + HF + testosterone (T) replacement therapy group. There were 20 rats in group A, and 25 rats in the other groups. Surgical castration was performed on groups B, D and E, and T replacement therapy was administered to group E. Groups C, D and E were treated with doxorubicin hydrochloride to prepare the CHF animal model. The insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was calculated from fasting blood glucose and fasting insulin levels. Echocardiography was performed. Venous blood was collected for plasma T level test. Myocardial tissue was used for apoptosis index analysis. The expression levels of myocardial insulin receptor (IR) and insulin receptor substrate‑1 (IRS‑1) were measured by reverse transcription semi‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Compared with group A, the T level and ISI decreased, whereas the expression level of IR and IRS‑1 were increased in the CHF group (P<0.05). Following castration, the T level and ISI were significantly decreased, and the expression of IR and IRS‑1 were increased compared with the uncastrated CHF rats (P<0.01). Following androgen administration, the ISI increased, expression of IR and IRS‑1 decreased, and the myocardial apoptosis index decreased (P<0.05). Taken together, these results demonstrated that androgen supplementation could improve insulin resistance and affect the expression of IR and IRS‑1 in CHF, thereby reducing myocardial apoptosis and improving cardiac function.

LC technology is a recognized method used worldwide to evaluate the quality of traditional Chinese medicines (TCM). The quality of TCM has a direct impact on its efficacy. Therefore, in order to thoroughly reveal how TCM exerts its efficacy, first of all, it is necessary to understand the material basis for its efficacy, and then to control the quality of active compounds. The application of the spectrum-effect relationship method is crucial for determining the pharmacological material basis. The goal of this paper was to investigate the underlying correlations between the chemical profiles and oestrogenic activity of Cistanche, to reveal the active compounds. The chemical profiles of Cistanche were recorded using HPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS, and oestrogenic activity was determined by the Uterus growth test and the MTT assay. Then combining the results of bivariate analysis, principal component analysis and gray correlation analysis method, fifteen active compounds were identified. They are 8-epiloganic acid, salidroside, syringalide A 3’-α-l-rhamnopyranoside, cistanoside A, echinacoside, cistanoside F, cistanoside B, cistanoside C, osmanthuside B, acteoside, isoacteoside, tubuloside B, 2’-acetylacteoside, and two unknown compounds. This study lays a foundation for in vivo studies of Cistanche and for the development of its clinical application.