Foundation piles are a widely used foundation form for high-rise buildings. Its main function is to reduce the settlement of buildings. In recent years, in areas with good upper soil conditions, in order to reduce the amount of earthwork excavation and transportation, more and more engineering buildings use foundation piles. Therefore, the status of foundation piles in construction projects is becoming more and more important. The high-rise building foundation pile project belongs to the underground concealed project. In the construction process, it is greatly affected by factors such as construction technology and geology. After the construction is completed, it is difficult to observe the changes inside the foundation pile with the naked eye as time goes by. A series of problems such as building collapse, settlement, and cracking often occur, thus affecting normal use and causing some safety accidents. In order to solve these series of problems, this paper proposes an elastic wave tomography detection method. It performs imaging inversion calculation on the inside of the foundation pile, and many methods are used in it. In the canonical Gaussian-damped Newton method in tomography, its iteration rate is 3.5% higher than that of the canonical Gaussian-Newton method, the convergence speed is accelerated, the accuracy is high, and the error is small. In the process of detection, this method is more suitable to detect the integrity and quality of foundation piles.