Objective: To explore the effect of risperidone combined with olanzapine in the treatment of schizophrenia and its influence on cognitive function. Methods: Ninety-eight schizophrenic patients in our hospital who were admitted and treated between June 2018 and December 2019 were selected. The study group was treated with risperidone combined with olanzapine, and the control group was treated with risperidone. The clinical efficacy, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) score, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) result and adverse reactions of the two groups were compared. Results: After treatment, the scores of classification completion number and correct times of the observation group were higher than those of the control group, and the scores of the random error number and continuous error number were higher than those of the control group; the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The total effective rate of the observation group was 95.56%, which was higher than 77.78% of the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the PANSS scores of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). The total incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group and control group were 9.30% and 6.98%, respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Risperidone combined with olanzapine in the treatment of schizophrenia can effectively reduce symptoms of patients and induce fewer adverse reactions, showing high safety and significant treatment effect. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.3.3348 How to cite this:Yang L, Qi X. Effect of olanzapine combined with risperidone in the treatment of schizophrenia and its influence on cognitive function. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(3):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.3.3348 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.