Objective The purpose of this manuscript was to conclude the role of platelets in immune inflammation and discuss the complex mechanisms of pyroptosis in platelets as well as their related diseases. Methods This article reviewed the existing literature to see the development of pyroptosis in platelets. Results Platelets have been shown to be capable of activating inflammasomes assembled from NOD‐like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein containing a CARD (ASC) and caspase‐1. Recently, they were also implicated in pyroptosis. Cleaved by caspase‐1, N‐terminal gasdermin D (N‐GSDMD) could form pores in the cell membrane, inducing nonselective intracellular substance release. This programmed cell death induced thrombocytopenia and inflammatory cytokine release such as IL‐1β and IL‐18, promoting platelet aggregation, vaso‐occlusion, endothelial permeability and cascaded inflammatory response. Conclusion Pyroptosis in platelets contributes to thrombocytopenia and inflammation.

BackgroundSkin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is the most frequently encountered tumor of the skin. Immunotherapy has opened a new horizon in melanoma treatment. We aimed to construct a CD8+ T cell-associated immune gene prognostic model (CDIGPM) for SKCM and unravel the immunologic features and the benefits of immunotherapy in CDIGPM-defined SKCM groups.MethodSingle-cell SKCM transcriptomes were utilized in conjunction with immune genes for the screening of CD8+ T cell-associated immune genes (CDIGs) for succeeding assessment. Thereafter, through protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks analysis, univariate COX analysis, and multivariate Cox analysis, six genes (MX1, RSAD2, IRF2, GBP2, IFITM1, and OAS2) were identified to construct a CDIGPM. We detected cell proliferation of SKCM cells transfected with IRF2 siRNA. Then, we analyzed the immunologic features and the benefits of immunotherapy in CDIGPM-defined groups.ResultsThe overall survival (OS) was much better in low-CDIGPM group versus high CDIGPM group in TCGA dataset and GSE65904 dataset. On the whole, the results unfolded that a low CDIGPM showed relevance to immune response-correlated pathways, high expressions of CTLA4 and PD-L1, a high infiltration rate of CD8+ T cells, and more benefits from immunotherapy.ConclusionCDIGPM is an good model to predict the prognosis, the potential immune escape from immunotherapy for SKCM, and define immunologic and molecular features.

Ferroptosis is a novel regulatory cell death, which is characterized by iron dependency and mainly caused by accumulation of intracellular lipid peroxides and reactive oxygen species. Ferroptosis plays an important role in the occurrence and development of a variety of malignant tumors, especially in anti-tumor treatment. As an emerging treatment method, the immunotherapy has been widely applied in the clinical practice, and the role of ferroptosis in tumor immunotherapy has been gradually explored. This study aims to illustrate the features of ferroptosis, and its role in anti-tumor immunotherapy and potential clinical application.

ObjectiveOur goal is to construct an immune-related gene prognostic risk index (IRGPRI) for pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD), and to clarify the immune and molecular features in IRGPRI-defined PAAD subgroups and the benefit of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy.MethodThrough differential gene expression analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and univariate Cox regression analysis, 16 immune-related hub genes were identified using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) PAAD dataset (n = 182) and immune gene set. From these genes, we constructed an IRGPRI with the Cox regression method and the IRGPRI was verified based on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset (n = 45). Then, we analyzed the immune and molecular features and the benefit of ICI therapy in IRGPRI-defined subgroups.ResultsFive genes, including S100A16, CD40, VCAM1, TNFRSF4 and TRAF1 were used to construct IRGPRI. As with the results of the GEO cohort, the overall survival (OS) was more favorable in low IRGPRI patients versus high IRGPRI patients. The composite results pointed out that low IRGPRI was associated with immune response-related pathways, high level of CTLA4, low KRAS and TP53 mutation rate, more infiltration of activated memory CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and more benefits from ICIs therapy. In comparison, high IRGPRI was associated with cancer-related pathways, low expression of CTLA4, high KRAS and TP53 mutation rate, more infiltration of M2 macrophages, and less benefit from ICIs therapies.ConclusionThis IRGPRI is an encouraging biomarker to define the prognosis, immune and molecular features, and benefits from ICIs treatments in PAAD.

Background: Nasogastric tube inserted before laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a preoperative common preparation, which is an invasive procedure and exacerbates the patient’s anxiety level. This prospective, observational, cohort study aimed to explore the effects of preoperative anxiety level in patients with nasogastric tube inserted on the postoperative quality of recovery and pain undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and analyze the correlation between preoperative anxiety level and the postoperative quality of recovery. Method: Patients with STAI-S＞40 were excluded the day before surgery. After entering the operating room, patients were assessed anxiety level using the Anxiety - Visual Analog Scale. The quality of recovery was assessed using 15 - items quality of recovery on postoperative day 1 and 2. The pain was evaluated with the Numerical Rating Scale. 17 cases were excluded, and a total of 80 patients were enrolled in this study.Results: Compared with the group N, Anxiety Visual Analog Scale scores were higher in the group Y (with nasogastric tube inserted) after entering the operating room (P < 0.001), 15 - items quality of recovery scores on postoperative day 1 in the group Y was lower than group N (without nasogastric tube inserted) (P < 0.001). Pain intensity was higher in group Y at 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48h after surgery than in Group N (P < 0.050). Anxiety Visual Analog Scale scores were significantly and negatively correlated with the 15- items quality of recovery scores (r = -0.91, P < 0.001). Compared with group N, group Y had longer time to get out of bed and postoperative first flatus time (P < 0.001). The AIS scores were higher on the night after surgery in group Y than in group (P < 0.001). Conclusion: In summary, nasogastric tube inserted increases preoperative anxiety level, which is associated with lower postoperative quality of recovery and higher pain intensity after surgery, and affects the patient's emergence time and postoperative sleep quality. We can implement intervention measures according to patients' conditions to relieve patients' preoperative anxiety level, improve the postoperative quality of recovery, improve patients' satisfaction and speed up recovery.Trial registration: This prospective, observational, cohort study selected patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy at Xuzhou Central Hospital from April 2022 to June 2022. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Xuzhou Central Hospital (XZXY-LK-20220318-024) and registered on Clinicaltrials.gov (10/04/2022, ChiCTR2200058548).