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The rational design of functionalized porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for gas adsorption applications has been applied using three spacer ligands HDPT (3,6-di(pyridin-4-yl)-1,4-dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine), DPT (3,6-di(pyridin-4-yl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine), and BPDH (2,5-bis(4-pyridyl)-3,4-diaza-2,4-hexadiene) to synthesize TMU-34, [Zn(OBA)(HDPT)]·DMF, TMU-34(-2H), [Zn(OBA)(DPT)]·DMF, and TMU-5, [Zn(OBA)(BPDH)]·1.5DMF, respectively. By controlling the pore size and chemical functionality of these three MOFs, we can improve the interactions between CO and especially CH with the frameworks. Calculated Q(CH) for TMU-5, TMU-34, and TMU-34(-2H) are 27, 23, and 22 kJ mol, respectively. These Q values are among the highest for CH-framework interactions. For systematic comparison, two reported frameworks, TMU-4 and TMU-5, have been compared with TMU-34 and TMU-34(-2H) in CO adsorption.

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The highly dynamical entrainment and transport processes of solids due to geophysical flows is a major challenge studied by water infrastructure engineers and geoscientists alike. A miniaturised instrumented particle that can provide a direct, non-intrusive, low-cost and accessible method compared to traditional approaches for the assessment of coarse sediment particle entrainment is developed, calibrated and tested. The instrumented particle presented here is fitted with inertial microelectromechanical sensors (MEMSs), such as a triaxial accelerometer, a magnetometer and angular displacement sensors, which enable the recording of the particle’s three-dimensional displacement. The sensor logs nine-axis data at a configurable rate of 200–1000 Hz and has a standard mode of deployment time of at least one hour. The data can be obtained and safely stored in an internal memory unit and are downloadable to a PC in an accessible manner and in a usable human-readable state. A plethora of improved design specifications have been implemented herein, including increased frequency, range and resolution of acceleration and gyroscopic sensing. Improvements in terms of power consumption, in comparison to previous designs, ensure longer periods of data logging. The embedded sensors are calibrated using simple physical motions to validate their operation. The uncertainties in the experiments and the sensors’ readings are quantified and an appropriate filter is used for inertial sensor fusion and noise reduction. The instrumented particle is tested under well-controlled lab conditions, where the beginning of the destabilisation of a bed surface in an open channel flow, is showcased. This is demonstrative of the potential that specifically designed and appropriately calibrated instrumented particles have in assessing the initiation and occurrence of water infrastructure hazards.

PurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and the risk factors in the residents aged ≥50 years in Hainan Province.MethodsRandom sampling was carried out in four separated cities in Hainan Province in 2015. All the subjects accomplished the standard questionnaire and ocular examinations. The diagnosis of AMD was performed based on the criteria proposed by Beckman Initiative for Macular Research Classification Committee.ResultsThree hundred and fifty-seven subjects (15.6%) were diagnosed with AMD, including 267 (11.7%) of early AMD, 64 (2.80%) of intermediate AMD and 24 (1.1%) of late AMD, respectively. The factors associated with the prevalence of AMD included age, educational level, smoking, outdoor activities and diet. The prevalence of AMD increased with age, lower educational level, smoking or less outdoor activities. The prevalence of AMD in those with a diet of meat or eggs was higher compared with a diet of vegetables or fish. The prevalence of early, intermediate and late AMD in the aged population in Hainan Province was 11.7, 2.8 and 1.1%, respectively.ConclusionsAge and smoking were the risk factors for AMD, while the educational level and outdoor activities were the protective factors. Early AMD mostly occurred in those aged 50–59 years and 60–69 years, while intermediate and late AMD occurred in 70–79 years and older than 80 years.