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In this work, we present the optimal design method of multimodal traffic strategies in emergency evacuations by considering the background traffic. First, the lane use configuration of publicoriented transport in multimodal evacuation that considers the background traffic is presented. Then, the feasible strategies are proposed based on the application conditions of five evacuation traffic strategies in feasible strategy proposal. Furthermore, the feasible strategies are transformed into optimal strategies by using the optimal strategy design model to minimize the weighted sum of public transport, private cars, and background traffic target values. Finally, the previous case study of Wenling is used to discuss the strategy evolution process, compare other strategies, and analyze the sensitivity of weights. The results presented in this work provide a reference for other researchers on the design and formulation of multimodal evacuation traffic strategies.INDEX TERMS Multimodal traffic, evacuation strategies, background traffic, optimal design.