Experimental studies investigating the flexural behavior of six concrete beams were conducted with various reinforcements, including ordinary steel bars, steel-fiber reinforced polymer composite bars, pure fiber-reinforced polymer bars (either carbon fiber reinforced polymer bars or basalt fiber reinforced polymer bars), and hybrid bars (steel bars and basalt fiber reinforced polymer bars). The test results show the following: (a) steel-fiber reinforced polymer composite bar beams exhibit stable post-yield stiffness after the yielding of the inner steel bar of the steel-fiber reinforced polymer composite bar and concrete crushed after the rupture of the outer fiber-reinforced polymer of the steel-fiber reinforced polymer composite bar; (b) the ordinary reinforced concrete beam has the largest ductility coefficient, but the ultimate load was just approximately 31% of that of the corresponding steel-fiber reinforced polymer composite bar beams; (c) brittle shear failure was observed for both fiber reinforced polymer bar reinforced beams because of the high ultimate tensile strength of fiber-reinforced polymer bar; (d) although the steel-fiber-reinforced polymer ratio of the hybrid beam (reinforced by steel and basalt fiber reinforced polymer bars) is the same as that of the steel-fiber reinforced polymer composite bar beams, the ultimate load of hybrid beam is approximately 72% of that of the corresponding steel-fiber reinforced polymer composite bar, which is caused by the premature slip of basalt fiber reinforced polymer bar in hybrid beam where the bond stress is large; (e) by comparing coefficients of displacement ductility and energy ductility, it is demonstrated that energy ductility coefficient is more reasonable for evaluating the performance of steel-fiber reinforced polymer composite bar beams take into account of the post-yield stiffness of steel-fiber reinforced polymer composite bar beams; and (f) high initial stiffness and good ductility for steel-fiber reinforced polymer composite bar reinforced concrete beams can be obtained by adjusting the steel-fiber-reinforced polymer ratio and fiber-reinforced polymer type. Furthermore, because of the steel-fiber reinforced polymer composite bar’s outer fiber-reinforced polymer, steel-fiber reinforced polymer composite bar reinforced concrete beams have a high durability.

Widespread rotations of maximum compressive stress in the upper crust are revealed in eastern Tibet by the focal mechanism stress inversion technique. Because of the good correlation with locations of folds, anticlines, and mountains in the region, the upper crustal stress variation is related to the lateral displacement of upper crust. To compare deformations in upper crust and upper mantle, we use SKS/SKKS splitting measurements to investigate the seismic anisotropy in eastern Tibet. The fast polarization directions subparallel to the strikes of faults in Chuandian fragment and southern boundary tectonic belt. This may indicate that the induced anisotropy mainly resulted from alignment of fault fabrics by strong shearing along strike‐slip faults, while the widespread stress rotations and systemic angular difference between upper crustal stress field and seismic anisotropy suggest that the decoupling of upper crustal deformation from middle‐lower crust by a series of detachments in the process of the crust thickening resulted from the obstruction of eastward expansion by Sichuan Basin.

No abstract

The unsupported Mo-Co-K sulfide catalysts promoted by La were prepared through ultrasonic technology in non-aqueous medium and its performances for the synthesis of mixed alcohols from syngas were also investigated. The results showed that the catalysts promoted by La exhibited higher CO conversion and selectivity to ethanol than the unsupported Mo-Co-K sulfide catalyst without addition of La did under identical reaction conditions. The catalysts were characterized by N 2 adsorption/ desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), Raman, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).