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Unlike previous research on computer-mediated discussions that has focused analysis on the final conversation as a completed product, this study was focused on the process by which the conversation was created. Using screen-capturing software, the on-screen actions of the nine participants in an online classroom discussion were recorded and analyzed for evidence of reading, writing, and thinking processes. Retrospective interviews were conducted with three of the student participants for additional insights into these processes. A triangulation of data sources revealed participants engaged in at least three distinct patterns of reading, writing, and thinking, with some participants fluidly moving between these patterns throughout the conversation. The three patterns were described as follows: (a) a methodical reading of most messages, and composing of responses occurring as the reader/writer

The purpose of this study is to theoretically explore the pedagogical meaning of Flipped Learning (FL) through the lens of Bakhtinnian Dialogism. Flipped learning has emerged based on technological development, which enables educators to reorganize educational space and time. In the new converged time and space, teachers changed the activities in and out of classes, flipped lectures with students' activity, and redefined the role of teachers and students. These dialogical characteristics of FL results in several educational consequences: first, underscoring educational dialogue, second, extending the participation in the dialogical chain, third, deconstructing the existing authority of knowledge, and escalating the self-directedness of learners.•