Conical surface can realize the spontaneous transportation of micro-sized oil droplets in aqueous without energy input, exhibiting great potential applications in microfluidic, chemical micro-reactor, water remediation, etc. However, the precise...

Backgroud The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and copy number variations (CNVs) are two major genomic variants, which play crucial roles in evolutionary and phenotypic diversity. Results In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis to explore the genetic variations (SNPs and CNVs) of high sperm motility (HSM) and poor sperm motility (PSM) Simmental bulls using the high-coverage (25×) short-read next generation sequencing and single-molecule long reads sequencing data. A total of ~ 15 million SNPs and 2,944 CNV regions (CNVRs) were detected in Simmental bulls, and a set of positive selected genes (PSGs) and CNVRs were found to be overlapped with quantitative trait loci (QTLs) involving immunity, muscle development, reproduction, etc. In addition, we detected two new variants in LEPR, which may be related to the artificial breeding to improve important economic traits. Moreover, a set of genes and pathways functionally related to male fertility were identified. Remarkably, a CNV on SPAG16 (chr2:101,427,468 − 101,429,883) was completely deleted in all poor sperm motility (PSM) bulls and half of the bulls in high sperm motility (HSM), which may play a crucial role in the bull-fertility. Conclusions In conclusion, this study provides a valuable genetic variation resource for the cattle breeding and selection programs.

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Bohai Black cattle are one of the well-known cattle breeds with black coat color in China, which are cultivated for beef. However, no study has conducted a comprehensive analysis of genomic diversity and selective pressures in Bohai Black cattle. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of genomic variation in 10 Bohai Black cattle (five newly sequenced and five published) and the published whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data of 50 cattle representing five “core” cattle populations. The population structure analysis revealed that Bohai Black cattle harbored the ancestry with European taurine, Northeast Asian taurine, and Chinese indicine. The Bohai Black cattle demonstrated relatively high genomic diversity from the other cattle breeds, as indicated by the nucleotide diversity (pi), the expected heterozygosity (HE) and the observed heterozygosity (HO), the linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay, and runs of homozygosity (ROH). We identified 65 genes containing more than five non-synonymous SNPs (nsSNPs), and an enrichment analysis revealed the “ECM-receptor interaction” pathways associated with meat quality in Bohai Black cattle. Five methods (CLR, θπ, FST, θπ ratio, and XP-EHH) were used to find several pathways and genes carried selection signatures in Bohai Black cattle, including black coat color (MC1R), muscle development (ITGA9, ENAH, CAPG, ABI2, and ISLR), fat deposition (TBC1D1, CYB5R4, TUSC3, and EPS8), reproduction traits (SPIRE2, KHDRBS2, and FANCA), and immune system response (CD84, SLAMF1, SLAMF6, and CDK10). Taken together, our results provide a valuable resource for characterizing the uniqueness of Bohai Black cattle.