The laser absorption spectrum of the (5,0) and (6,0) bands of the A 2Πi←X 2Σ+ transition of CS+ has been recorded using velocity modulation spectroscopy enhanced by optical heterodyne and magnetic rotation effects. First, improved molecular constants for the ground state of the ion were determined by a global linear least-squares fit of combination differences from the (1,0) (5,0), and (6,0) bands. Then a standard model was used to analyze the perturbations between the vibrational levels of the A 2Πi state and high vibrational levels of the X 2Σ+ state, leading to molecular constants and perturbation parameters for the υA=5∼υX=13 and υA=6∼υX=14 complexes. A new set of equilibrium parameters has been derived for the A and X states by combining all the available spectroscopic data, weighted according to the accuracy of the input parameters. The equilibrium internuclear distances from the new analysis are X 2Σ+re=1.492 156(78) Å and A 2Π re=1.639 55(10) Å. The Rydberg–Klein–Rees potential energy curves for the A 2Πi and X 2Σ+ states were constructed using the improved equilibrium constants, and the Franck–Condon factors calculated for all vibrational bands up to υ″=11 and υ′=10 of the A 2Πi−X 2Σ+ system. The overlap integrals calculated from the RKR turning points were used to find the interaction parameters a and b from the experimental perturbation parameters ξ and η. The r dependence of the a and b values relevant to the perturbations in the (1,0), (5,0), and (6,0) bands is discussed.
AimTo characterize the effect of hepatic steatosis (HS) on the progression of chronic hepatitis B.MethodsA total of 162 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients confirmed by liver biopsy were involved in this study. All subjects were prospectively followed-up for 5 years in real-life clinical practice. Fibrosis stage was determined using aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI). The end-point was cirrhosis, liver cancer or death. The effects of steatosis on the biological behavior of hepatocellular carcinoma cells were investigated using oleic acid-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2, HLE, PLC, and SMMC-7721 cells.ResultsMean age, body mass index, and serum cholesterol were significantly higher in CHB patients with HS than those without HS at baseline (p< 0.05). The APRI was lower in patients without HS at baseline (p<0.05). Compared to patients with HS, APRI of patients without HS decreased significantly during the follow-up period (p<0.05). The 5-year cumulative incidence of cirrhosis were 4.17% and 5.19% in patients without and with HS, respectively (p>0.05). The multivariate analysis showed that older (RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.996-1.149, p = 0.065) and S3 stage of liver fibrosis (RR 3.50, 95% CI 0.812–15.117, p=0.093) were risk factors for the progression to cirrhosis. In vitro, cell steatosis promoted proliferation and migration of HCC cells and conferred cell cycle at S phase.ConclusionThe older and S3 stage of fibrosis may be risk factors for progression to cirrhosis in CHB patients with HS. HS may aggravate liver disease, promoting HCC progression.
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