This paper develops a realistic battery model that is combined with transmitting signal energy and circuit power consumption, and applies it to wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Then, we calculate the critical values of distances of the source-destination node pairs without considering the relay path. Meanwhile, we intuitively present the relay area and the difference of energy consumption between the single-hop direct path and the multi-hop relay path. Several results give the criterion for the selection of singlehop direct path or the multi-hop relay path to save energy.

In consideration of high heat transfer efficiency and stable combustion, a new type of microplanar combustor for micro-thermophotovoltaic (micro-TPV) system is proposed, in which the heat transfer is enhanced by staggered cylindrical array. The numerical study results indicate that the temperature of radiation wall of cylindrical-array combustor is higher and more uniform comparing with the conventional-channel combustor, the application of cylindrical-array make the effective radiation of the combustor increase 34.55% and reach to 35.98 W. Moreover, with inlet velocity increase from 4 m/s to 16 m/s, the cylindrical-array combustor shows the better stability of combustion, which the position of the flame moves 4.8 mm in the cylindrical-array combustor and 9.1 mm in the conventional-channel combustor. However, the 0.5–4.5 equivalence ratio range for stable combustion is slightly narrower than 0.4–6.0 in the conventional-channel combustor. To extend the equivalence ratio range, one row of cylindrical array was canceled, and the distribution length of cylindrical array was reduced to 10 mm, After this improvement, the equivalence ratio range is extended to 0.3–5.5, and the negative effect on the flame stability of the cylindrical array is basically eliminated.

With the rapid development of integrated energy system, the large-scale and high-permeability access of distributed generations (DGs) is making the distribution networks develop into active distribution networks (ADNs). The increased complexity of ADNs also increases the vulnerabilities for cyberattacks. It is a new challenge how to evaluate the situation of an ADN so as to support the decision-making of grid control policies in the condition of cyberattacks probably occur. Hence, in this paper, we proposed a method of situation assessment for ADNs considering cyberattacks. This method is aggregated by two parts. 1) An index system is presented, which includes the indexes of DGs stability, the indexes of security risk considering cyberattacks along with the traditional safety indexes. 2) The entropy weight method is used to assign weights to each index, and taking the normal operation status of ADNs as the reference scenario, an operating situation assessment method for ADNs is proposed based on grey correlation analysis method. Finally, in order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed index system and assessment method, 12 attack scenarios are established from three categories: attacks on DGs, attacks on controllable loads and attacks on both of them, and the situation of the ADN, a case based on IEEE 33-node standard distribution system, is evaluated under each scenario.

This paper presents a novel key issuing scheme for distributed online social networks based on identity-based encryption (IBE). The scheme involves two essential objects, Key Privacy Authority (KPA) and Privacy Chum (PC). KPA and PC cannot impersonate network users to obtain users’ private keys. The experiment results indicate that the scheme is feasible and efficient, and it can sustain large-scale online social networks

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