At present, local regions have the problems of low optimization dimension and unbalanced supply side in the energy consumption structure in the process of economic development. Based on this, this paper studies the optimization method of the regional economic energy consumption structure based on big data and BP neural network analysis strategy and designs an intelligent extraction model of the regional economic energy consumption structure based on the BP neural network. According to the correlation and internal matching of energy consumption data involved in the process of economic development in different regions, the quantitative high-value analysis of regional economic energy consumption structure is realized, and the accuracy of the analysis results is analyzed by Newton Leibniz theory. The results show that the optimization model of regional economic energy consumption structure based on the BP neural network can effectively improve the application scope and data utilization of energy consumption structure, effectively complete the intelligent classification of energy consumption of different enterprises, and indirectly improve the energy utilization and matching efficiency of the regional economy.