Well-ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNTAs) decorated with graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) were fabricated by anodic oxidization and calcination process. First, TNTAs were prepared via the anodic oxidation of Ti foil in glycerol solution containing fluorinion and 20% deionized water. Subsequently, g-C3N4 film was hydrothermally grown on TNTAs via the hydrogen-bonded cyanuric acid melamine supramolecular complex. The results showed that g-C3N4 was successfully decorated on the TNTAs and the g-C3N4/TNTAs served as an efficient and stable photoanode for photoelectrochemical water splitting. The facile deposition method enables the fabrication of efficient and low-cost photoanodes for renewable energy applications.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s40820-018-0192-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Numerous efforts have been focused on the heterojunction structure for enhancing the electron injection across the interface in application of photocatalysis or photoelectrochemical (PEC) catalysis. The electrochemically deposited ZnO nanorods arrays are sulfurated following hydrothermal reaction to form core–shell heterojunction structure. Furthermore, the graphite‐like C3N4 (g‐C3N4) is added into the formed ZnO/ZnS core–shell nanorods during the sulfuration process to get ZnO/ZnS/g‐C3N4 photoanode. The heterojunction structure is characterized via X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, UV‐vis diffuse‐reflectance spectra, time‐resolved photoluminescence, and Raman. The ZnO/ZnS/g‐C3N4 photoanode yields a photocurrent of ≈0.66 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, which is fourfold as large as pure ZnO electrode. The enhanced photocurrent is attributed to the improved separation efficiency of photogenerated electron–hole pairs and accelerated transport of hole to the electrode surface for the oxidation of water. These results suggest substantial potential of metal oxide nanorods arrays with controlled heterojunction construction in PEC water splitting applications.

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BackgroundBeing HIV-infected is a stressful experience for many individuals. To assess HIV-related stress in the Chinese context, a measure with satisfied psychometric properties is yet underdeveloped. This study aimed to examine the psychometric characteristics of a simplified Chinese version of the HIV/AIDS Stress Scale (SS-HIV) among people living with HIV/AIDS in central China.MethodA total of 667 people living with HIV (92% were male) were recruited from March 1st 2014 to August 31th 2015 by consecutive sampling. A standard questionnaire package containing the Chinese HIV/AIDS Stress Scale (CSS-HIV), the Chinese Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the Chinese Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) were administered to all participants, and 38 of the participants were selected randomly to be re-tested in four weeks after the initial testing.ResultsOur data supported that a revised 17-item CSS-HIV had adequate psychometric properties. It consisted of 3 factors: emotional stress (6 items), social stress (6 items) and instrumental stress (5 items). The overall Cronbach’s α was 0.906, and the test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.832. The revised CSS-HIV was significantly correlated with the number of HIV-related symptoms, as well as scores on the PHQ-9 and GAD-7, indicating acceptable concurrent validity.ConclusionThe 17-item Chinese version of the SS-HIV has potential research and clinical utility in identifying important stressors among the Chinese HIV-infected population and in understanding the effects of stress on adjustment to HIV.

PARP12 is a mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase, but its function remains largely unknown. Here, we identified four-and-a-half LIM-only protein 2 (FHL2) as a functional partner of PARP12 through protein affinity purification. Although PARP12 did not mono-ADP-ribosylate FHL2 in vitro and in vivo, PARP12 deficiency decreased the protein level of FHL2 by promoting its ubiquitination and increased the expression level of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1), which is independent of PARP12 enzymatic activity. We also provided evidence that PARP12 deficiency increased the migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and promoted HCC metastasis in vivo by regulating the epithelial–mesenchymal transition process. These results indicated that PARP12 is a tumor suppressor that plays an important role in HCC metastasis through the regulation of FHL2 stability and TGF-β1 expression.