Background: Infertility has been more common problems among couple of reproductive age. One of the factors causing this disorder is unhealthy environmental factors including exposure to cigarette smoke. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in cigarette smoke can cause testicular atrophy, while the free radicals can inhibit the stages of spermatogenesis, and nicotine in cigarettes affects the brain dopamine levels affecting the levels of GnRH, and subsequently affect the levels of FSH and LH needed in spermatogenesis. The use of Mucuna pruriens seed extract containing antioxidants and L-dopa is expected to improve the quality of sperm after exposure to cigarette smoke. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of Mucuna pruriens seed extract on the sperm quality in mice exposed to cigarette smoke. Methods: This study was an experimental study with a post test only control group design. A total of 20 mice were divided into 4 groups of five mice each. All groups were exposed to cigarette smoke. Group 1 was the negative control exposed to cigarette smoke. Groups 2, 3, 4 were exposed to cigarettes smoke and given Mucuna pruriens seed extracts at the dose of 250; 300; and 350 mg/Kg BW/day. Parameters of sperm quality included concentration, morphology, motility and viability. Results: Post hoc tests showed there were significant differences among treatment groups. Conclusion: the administration of Mucuna pruriens seed extract affects the sperm quality of BALB/c mice exposed to cigarettes smoke. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(4) 2021 p.768-773

Background: The tutorial plays a central role in problem-based learning (PBL). The effective implementation of small group tutorials is one of the key contributors to the students success in examinations. This study aimed to identify factors perceived as the predictors for effectiveness of PBL group tutorial.Design and method: The subjects of the study were all of the students (year of 2008) of the Medical College of Sultan Agung Islamic University taking the Tropical Disease Module. The adapted version of the scales adopted in this study included the scale developed by Van den Bossche et al for assessing team (group) effectiveness, trust dimension and learning behavior, a scale developed by Dolmans & Ginns (2005) for assessing tutor’s performance, a 5 points likert scale was used to asses the student opinions. Quantitative approach with correlation and multiple regression analysis was applied.Result: Of 238 students included in the study 84 (37.3%) were male and 139 (62.3%) were female. There was a significantly positive correlation between the trust dimension related to the interpersonal relationship among the members of tutorial group with the effectiveness of tutorial group ( r = 0.631, p< 0.01). There was a medium correlation among cohesion, group potency and psychological (r= 0,700, p < 0.05 there was correlation among the variables of (r = 0,557, p < 0,001), group potency (r = 0,517, p < 0,001), and psychological assurance (r = 0,437, p < 0.001). These three variables contributed to the group effectiveness as much as 48.4% with a F value of 87.857. The component of independence was not found to be the predictive factors for group effectiveness. The correlations among the variables of cohesion, group potency and psychological assurance resulted in contingency coeficien of 0.700 with p<0.05.Conclusion: The higher trust related to the interpersonal relationship among the member of groups, the more effective the group will be. Cohesion, group potency and psychological assurance were found to be the predictive factors for group effectiveness (Sains Medika, 3(1):16-23).

Background: The existence of the application of competency-based curriculum (CBC) with the strategy of problem based learning (PBL) has influenced the learning process of ethics and professionalism. It poses a challenge for every medical school to develop the new curriculum. There has been a controversy on the model of the curriculum development. This article describes several educational studies on ethics and professionalism and proposes one curriculum model.Method: Relevant literatures are selected as basis of ethics and professionalism development in certain curriculum.Results: The method used in the study of ethics is directed in accordance with the level of education and the complexity of the expertise field. Determination of the material depends on the competence and the expected outcomes. Challenges in the assessment and ethics and professionalism must be faced.Conclusion: The development of a curriculum that will better ensure the achievement of competence 7th SKDI area. Therefore, the curriculum makers must continue to innovate.

Introduction: Just like any other test, anatomical identification test can also cause high stress. Classical music intervention has proven effective in mitigating stress level in clinical context. However, whether or not it is effective as well to reduce stress level during anatomical identification test remains unknown.Objective: discovering whether listening to classical music can alleviate stress level in students when attending anatomical identification examination.Methods: Experimental research with post-test only control group design, involving 148 students as its sample obtained using proportionate stratified random sampling. The sample is divided into 2 groups: the group who listen to classical music and the one who did not listen to classical music. The stress level was measured using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The data are analyzed using Chi Square test.Results: Students who do not listen to classical music are mostly experiencing moderate (33 students or 22.29%), mild (29 students or 19.59%) and severe (12 students or 8.1%) stresses. On the other hand, students who listen to classical music are mostly experiencing mild (44 students or 29.72%), moderate (29 students 19.59%) and severe (1 student or 0.67%) stresses. The Chi Square test shows significant difference,  p= 0.002.Conclusion: Listening to classical music makes students have lower stress level when attending anatomical identification test.

Background: The tutorial plays a central role in problem-based learning (PBL). The effectiveness of small group tutorials is one of the key aspects to the students’ success in exam. This study aimed to identify factors perceived as the predictors for effectiveness of PBL tutorial group.Method: The subjects of the study were all of the students (year of 2008) of the Medical College of Sultan Agung Islamic University who were taking tropical disease module. The adapted version of the scales adopted in this study included the scale developed by Van den Bossche et al. for assessing team effectiveness, beliefs about the interpersonal context and group’s learning behavior dimension, scale developed by Dolmans & Ginns for assessing tutor’s performance, scale developed by Munshi et al. for assessing quality of case problem, scale developed by Lepper et al. for assessing learning motivation. Quantitative approach with correlation and double regression analysis was applied.Results: The 223 subject included in the study consisting of 84 (37.3%) male and 139 (62.3%) female students. There was a significant correlation between effectiveness of tutorial group and a tutor’s performance (r = 0.456, p < 0.01), quality of case problem (r = 0.366, p < 0.01), beliefs about the interpersonal context dimension (r = 0.631, p < 0.01), group’s learning behavior (r = 0.559, p<0.01) and motivation (r = 0.137, p<0.05). There was a correlation between the variables of tutor’s performance, beliefs about the interpersonal context dimension, and learning behavior and group effectiveness indicated by the regression coefficient of 0.739 (p < 0.05). These three variables contributed to the group effectiveness as much as 54% with F value 87.857. The quality of case problem and motivations were not the predictive factors for group effectiveness.Conclusion: Improving tutorial group effectiveness requires improving factors beliefs about the interpersonal context dimension, group’s learning behaviors dimension and tutor’s performance. A favorable learning atmosphere is needed to improved motivation and better quality of case problem.