Although the concept of affinity purification using synthetic ligands had been utilized for many years, there are few articles related to this research area, and they focus only on the affinity purification of specific protein by a defined library of synthetic ligands. This study presents the design and construction of a 700-member library of synthetic ligands in detail. We selected 297 ligand columns from a 700-member library of synthetic ligands to screen leech protein extract. Of the 297, 154 columns had an enrichment effect, 83 columns had a depletion effect, 36 columns had a one-step purification effect, and 58 columns had a one-step purification via flowthrough effect. The experimental results achieved by this large library of affinity ligands provide solid convincing data for the theory that affinity chromatography could be used for the enrichment of proteins that are present in low abundance, the depletion of high abundance proteins, and one-step purification of special proteins.

This paper divides the rural planning theories in China into three stages, that is, traditional city-rural interaction (before the founding of the PRC), modern city-rural separation (after the founding of the PRC-2016), and new-era city-rural integration (2017-), and summarizes the characteristics of theories in different stages. Chinese traditional rural planning theories include geomantic theorybased physical planning theory, and human culture-oriented management ideas and methods; these two parts complement each other. After China's Reform and Opening Up in 1978, urban planning theory has been employed in rural planning. The contemporary rural planning theory develops under the background of city-rural integration and carries out with a simplified rural administrative licensing system. In recent years, rural planning begins to transform and combine with multidisciplinary theories, thus to explore the origin of developmental.

Abstract:In view of the problems such as unclearness of governing concept, immature of the legal system, imperfect procedures and slack law enforcement in the process of governing illegal constructions in China, this paper combs the governance idea and legal characteristics, governing subjects and procedures, specific measures and penalty provision at home and abroad. By cracking the relevant legal problems, the paper hopes to provide some useful references for the management of illegal construction in China under the rule of law and institutionalization.关键词： 违法建设 ；法律制度 ；治理手段