Climate change is a global problem facing mankind, and achieving peak CO2 emissions and carbon neutrality is an important task for China to respond to global climate change. The quantitative evaluation of the trends of urban energy consumption and carbon emissions is a premise for achieving this goal. Therefore, from the perspective of urban expansion, this paper analyzes the complex relationship between the mutual interactions and feedback between urban population, land expansion, economic growth, energy structure and carbon emissions. STELLA simulation software is used to establish a system dynamics model of urban-level carbon emissions effects, and Changsha city is used for the case study. The simulated outputs of energy consumption and carbon emissions cover the period from 1949 to 2016. From 1949 to 2016, Changsha’s total energy consumption and carbon emissions per capita have continuously grown. The total carbon emissions increased from 0.66 Mt-CO2 to 60.95 Mt-CO2, while the per capita carbon emissions increased from 1.73 t-CO2/10,000 people to 18.3 Mt-CO2/10,000 people. The analysis of the structure of carbon emissions shows that the industrial sector accounted for the largest proportion of emissions, but it had gradually dropped from between 60% and 70% to about 40%. The carbon emissions of residential and commercial services accounted for less than 25%, and the proportion of transportation carbon emissions fluctuated greatly in 2013 and 2016. From the perspective of carbon emissions effects, carbon emissions per unit of GDP had a clear downward trend, from 186.11 t-CO2/CNY104 to 1.33 t-CO2/CNY104, and carbon emissions per unit of land showed two inflection points: one in 1961 and the other in 1996. The general trend showed an increase first, followed by a decrease, then a stabilization. There is a certain linear correlation between the compactness of urban shape and the overall trend of carbon emissions intensity, while the urban shape index has no linear correlation with the growth rate of carbon emissions. The carbon emissions assessment model constructed in this paper can be used by other municipalities, and the assessment results can provide guidance for future energy planning and decision making.

In the face of increasing natural or man-made disasters, rapid and effective emergency dispatch and organization are of great significance to ensure the life safety of people and reduce social losses. In view of the long duration, strong demand urgency, and relatively limited transportation capacity after catastrophic events, this paper proposes a round-trip emergency supply distribution model based on nonfixed routes. This model includes two main features: (1) round trip: emergency vehicles can travel back and forth to distribute supplies; (2) unfixed routes: distribution routes of the same emergency vehicle could be variable in different trips. In order to ensure the timeliness and fairness of the supply distribution scheme, the model objective function is set to minimize the total supplies’ waiting time at all demand points. According to model features, 4 constraints are set, including flow balance, capacity, vehicle scheduling, and time window. On this basis, a compound algorithm combining 2-opt and tabu search is designed to obtain the optimal plan of the model. To verify the effectiveness and superiority of the model and solution method, a case study based on the Sioux Falls network is carried out. Compared with the traditional method, the objective function is optimized by 11.92%. In fact, under the control of multiple constraint conditions, the model well fits the actual application scenarios, which can provide theoretical guidance and decision support for the distribution of relevant emergency supplies.