Based on the improved model of Kaya identity and LMDI decomposition method, this paper conducts decomposition analysis on the influencing factors of carbon emissions in Anhui Province from 2008 to 2020. Based on the results of LMDI decomposition method, this paper uses STIRPAT model to conduct regression analysis to study the internal driving factors of carbon emissions in Anhui Province, and provides targeted carbon emission reduction suggestions. The results show that economic development contributes the most to the positive pull of carbon emissions, and energy intensity contributes the most to the inhibition of carbon emissions. Optimizing the energy structure, improving the energy utilization rate, optimizing the industrial structure, developing the economy with high quality, and improving residents' awareness of low-carbon life can all inhibit CO2 emissions.