SUMMARY.The treatment of bibliographic information in library catalogues is biased by the primacy of printed written resources. This legitimate bias hinders oral tradition resources from being accurately described and accessed. This kind of resources is important in any society, but central in indigenous societies, at least for the comprehension of the printed written resources of these societies.The FRBR Model allows a better treatment of oral tradition works, versions and items. It can express the essential fact that oral traditions works are independent even when their manifestations are not, collective and not anonymous, plural but not impossible to grasp. One deep doubt remains concerning the compatibility of the FRBR notion of expression and the notion of version.

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De nombreux acteurs culturels demandent régulièrement à disposer de résultats d’analyses d’impact économique d’un équipement ou d’un événement culturel pour un territoire environnant donné. Ils le font en particulier pour motiver économiquement une demande de soutien public. La définition et les conditions de validité de l’argument de l’« impact économique » sont toutefois peu connues de ces acteurs. Cet article propose un rappel de cette définition et de ces conditions en recourant aux outils de l’analyse économique et aux résultats de la recherche théorique et empirique. La décomposition de l’impact économique d’une activité culturelle pour une zone considérée, isolant ses cinq éléments constituants, permet de montrer que plusieurs d’entre eux peuvent potentiellement fournir trois motifs économiques distincts qui peuvent être invoqués pour justifier une demande de soutien public. Reposant chacun sur des hypothèses différentes, le premier motif vise un objectif de stabilisation, les deuxième et troisième un objectif d’allocation. Les principes d’estimation des composants en question sont alors rappelés en vue de fournir les éléments informatifs permettant d’avoir idée du caractère plus ou moins solide de résultats d’impact utilisés à des fins de justification.

Flexible risers are fundamental enabling components of nearly all floating production systems and form a key link in the hydrocarbon delivery chain to and from the platform. The integrity of these risers can drive the uptime availability of the entire production system or at least some elements of it. While the historical reliability of flexible risers has been relatively high, operators remain concerned about a lack of integrity condition information available to make key decisions relating to changes in operating conditions, replacement, life extension and general maintenance. The resulting increased confidence in the performance of flexible risers potentially could open the market to greater acceptance of flexible pipes and additional floating systems developments. A new approach to in-service inspection of flexible pipes is presented in this paper. TechnipFMC develops a versatile subsea inspection tool (IRIS) that can deploy and operate in parallel several Non-Destructive Testing Technologies. This new generation of an in-service subsea inspection system for risers focuses on detection of defects on multi layers products (corrosion, cracks and breaks) and flooding detection. IRIS is remotely controlled and operated in real-time via an umbilical from the control room on a support vessel. Given its architecture, this "Underwater Non-Destructive Testing laboratory" also allows inspecting risers without stopping the production under water, in the splash zone as well as in its aerial part when relevant. Thanks to its in-depth knowledge of flexible pipe and specific Non-Destructive Testing modeling tools, TechnipFMC will propose a dedicated inspection strategy for each flexible pipe.

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