Solar vapor generation has attracted tremendous attention as one of the most efficient ways of utilizing solar energy. Compared with bulk heating, interfacial solar steam generation efficiency is high, and the heat loss to the surrounding environment is minimal, which is an eco-friendly and energyefficient way of harvesting solar energy for desalination and wastewater treatment. So it is highly desirable to develop lowcost and high-efficiency solar absorbers for practical applications of interfacial solar steam generation. In this work, Cu 2 S/Cu mesh was prepared by depositing Cu 2 S nanoparticles on copper mesh by one-step hydrothermal method, which was used as photothermal conversion material for solar interfacial evaporation. This material owns a high solar absorptivity of 84.01 % within the wavelength range of 0.25-2.5 μm. Under one sun illumination, the evaporation rate is 1.55 kg m À 2 h À 1 and the solar thermal conversion efficiency reaches 96.9 %. The cycle stability tests showed that the evaporation rate decreased firstly and then was balanced at 1.34 kg m À 2 h À 1 in 10 cycles. Furthermore, this material can maintain a stable performance of interfacial solar steam generation during desalination of seawater and purification of dye wastewater containing Rhodamine B and Methyl Orange, respectively. This work provides a low-cost, simple, and efficient preparation method for synthesizing an efficient Cu 2 S/Cu mesh solar steam evaporation material.

The interaction between the solar wind and the magnetosphere is one of the most important research subjects in the fields of astrophysics and space physics. For more than half a century, based on the pressure balance assumption between the solar wind and the magnetosphere and considering other important factors, such as the interplanetary magnetic field and magnetic reconnection process, the dynamic processes at the magnetopause have been extensively analyzed. However, the responses of magnetopause to the solar wind dynamic pressure variations are still complicated to understand. Here, we show that the interaction between the solar wind and the magnetosphere can be regarded as a quasi-elastodynamic process. The driving frequency of the solar wind is determined as a crucial reason for the phase difference between solar wind dynamic pressure variations and magnetopause standoff distance. The low-pass filter effect and oscillation properties of the magnetopause can also be well explained by the forced damped vibrations. Moreover, the quasi-elastodynamic processes predict deformations at the magnetopause, which resemble the magnetopause surface wave. Finally, a three-dimensional time-dependent magnetopause model is constructed and verified by observation. Based on 12,242 magnetopause crossing events, it is found that the new model reveals ∼9.7% better prediction accuracy than the widely used time-independent model. These results can also shed light on our understanding of the solar-wind–magnetopause interaction for other planets.

Solar interfacial water evaporation to obtain pure water has attracted extensive attention in recent years. In this work, based on the excellent optical property of FeS2 and the cross-linking nanostructure of chitosan (CTS), a FeS2@CTS hydrogel composite film for solar interfacial water evaporation was developed by hydrothermal synthesis and the following composite coating technology. The prepared FeS2@CTS presented high solar absorptivity of 95.27% and fast optical response capability. Under the optimized condition, the evaporation rate of pure water reached 3.34 kg m−2 h−1 and the photothermal conversion efficiency was 103.06% under one sun irradiation. In five runs, the evaporation rate of the FeS2@CTS was stable, indicating the excellent cycle stability. Also, in the desalination test, the stable evaporation rate of 1.74 kg m−2 h−1 was obtained in five runs. Due to the simple preparation method, low cost, and outstanding interfacial evaporation property, this FeS2@CTS indicates great potential for the seawater desalination or other photothermal conversion applications.