Graphical Abstract Highlights d Super-resolution live-cell imaging up to 266 fps at 97-nm resolution d Hitchhiking interactions among organelles remodel ER and mitochondrial networks d ER-mitochondrion contacts promote coalescence of mitochondrial membranes d Collision of late endosomes or lysosomes carried along microtubules split ER tubules
The retromer is a protein complex that mediates retrograde transport of transmembrane cargoes from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN). It is comprised of a cargo-selection subcomplex of Vps26, Vps29 and Vps35 and a membrane-binding coat subcomplex of sorting nexins (SNXs). Previous studies identified SNX1/2 as one of the components of the SNX subcomplex, and SNX5/6 as candidates for the second SNX. How the retromer-associated cargoes are recognized and transported by molecular motors are largely unknown. In this study, we found that one of SNX1/2's dimerization partners, SNX6, interacts with the p150 Glued subunit of the dynein/dynactin motor complex. We present evidence that SNX6 is a component of the retromer, and that recruitment of the motor complex to the membrane-associated retromer requires the SNX6-p150 Glued interaction. Disruption of the SNX6-p150 Glued interaction causes failure in formation and detachment of the tubulovesicular sorting structures from endosomes and results in block of CI-MPR retrieval from endosomes to the TGN. These observations indicate that in addition to SNX1/2, SNX6 in association with the dynein/dynactin complex drives the formation and movement of tubular retrograde intermediates.
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