Public health service is an important guarantee by the government to safeguard the health rights of rural migrant women. This not only concerns the health status of rural migrant women and their willingness to stay in the urban area but can also affect their fertility intention. This study systematically examined the impact of public health services on the fertility intentions of rural migrant women as well as the mechanisms, underlying these intentions based on the data from the 2018 China Migration Dynamics Monitoring Survey. Urban public health services, including health records management and health education, could effectively enhance the fertility intentions of rural migrant women. Furthermore, their health status and willingness to stay in urban areas were important mechanisms, by which, the public health services could influence the fertility intentions of rural migrant women. Additionally, urban public health services have a better effect on improving the fertility desire of rural migrant women who have no pregnancy experience, a low income level, and a short residence time in the inflow area. This study contributed to the examination and clarification of the policy effects of public health services on the fertility intentions of rural migrant women. Additionally, it also provided important evidence to support the government policies related to the optimization of the public health service system, improvement of the health status, citizenship, and fertility intentions of the rural migrant women, as well as the development of the uniform public health services.

From the context of China's "peak carbon dioxide emissions" and "carbon neutral" goals, this study determines whether digital development, as an important path of China's modern development, contributes to the achievement of China's "carbon neutral" goals. In addition, this paper examines whether digital development as an important path of China's modern development also contributes to realizing China's "carbon neutral" goal, while taking into account the internal logic and theoretical mechanism. Consequently, panel data of 267 prefecture-level cities and above nationwide for the time period ranging from 2003 to 2017 is constructed in this study, and used the two-way fixed effects model and instrumental variable estimation method to verify the intrinsic mechanism of digital development affecting carbon intensity. The study findings indicate that: (1) digital development exerts a significant inhibitory effect on carbon intensity, and overall, it demonstrates an "inverted U-shaped" relationship of promotion in the first place and inhibition in the subsequent phase. Moreover, the proposed inhibitory effect represents the marginally increasing trend; (2) promoting technological innovation serves as a significant mechanism for digital development to inhibit the carbon intensity; (3) most cities in China are still below the inflection point of digitalization; (4) optimizing the regional innovation environment effectively advances the inflection point of digitalization; thereby, implying that the government should pay due attention to the inhibiting effect of digitalization on carbon intensity. Besides, there is also a need to further optimize the environment of regional innovation, increase innovation investment, and smoothen the influence mechanism of technological innovation in order to quickly cross the "emission increase" period of digitalization development.

Purpose Health education services in urban public health represent a significant guarantee to improve health status, reduce fertility pressure, and uplift the living standard of the rural migrant population. Methods Based on the data from the 2018 China Mobility Monitoring Survey, this research paper analyzes the association between urban public health education services and the fertility intentions of the rural migrant populations. Results The study findings indicate that (i) the education services in urban public health demonstrate a significant positive effect on the increase in fertility intentions of the rural migrant population; (ii) further, improvement in the health status represents a crucial mechanism by which urban public health’s education services influence the fertility intentions; (iii) in addition, the education services of urban public health exert a significant impact on improvement in the fertility intentions through public health consultation, promotional materials, SMS services, and face-to-face consultation; (iv) finally, urban public health’s education services exhibit a significant influence on improvement in the fertility intentions of the rural migrant population with firm residence intention and low work intensity. Conclusions This study extends empirical evidence for the government authorities to formulate policies to consummate the urban public health service system, strengthen the efficiency of urban public health education services, and improve the fertility intentions and the living standards of the rural migrant populations.