The high morbidity and mortality of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have always been major threats to people’s health. With the identification of carcinogenic drivers in non-small cell lung cancer and the clinical application of targeted drugs, the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer patients has greatly improved. However, in a large number of non-small cell lung cancer cases, the carcinogenic driver is unknown. Identifying genetic alterations is critical for effective individualized therapy in NSCLC. Moreover, targeted drugs are difficult to apply in the clinic. Cancer drug resistance is an unavoidable obstacle limiting the efficacy and application of targeted drugs. This review describes the mechanisms of targeted-drug resistance and newly identified non-small cell lung cancer targets (e.g., KRAS G12C, NGRs, DDRs, CLIP1-LTK, PELP1, STK11/LKB1, NFE2L2/KEAP1, RICTOR, PTEN, RASGRF1, LINE-1, and SphK1). Research into these mechanisms and targets will drive individualized treatment of non-small cell lung cancer to generate better outcomes.

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The wavelength tuning characteristics of a widely tunable modulated grating Y-branch laser operating in a large temperature range was investigated experimentally. The linear fine-tuning was realized by sweeping the phase region current, and the fine lookup table was created with a high resolution of less than 0.1 pm. We found experimentally that the tuned wavelength has an excellent linear correspondence and there are small intercepts among the parallel tuning lines of different temperatures. Based on this special characteristic, an online simple wavelength re-calibration method of ‘one-wavelength bias pick-up and full wavelength range re-calibration’ was proposed and verified experimentally. The verification experiments proved its feasibility, and a high-tuned wavelength precision and accuracy of ∼0.1 pm within a temperature range of −25 °C to +75 °C was achieved. The tuning accuracy improvement is about two orders for magnitude.