Highlights d A multitissue single-cell transcriptomic atlas for aging and CR in a mammal d CR alleviates aging-related accumulation of proinflammatory cells in various tissues d CR attenuates aging-associated cell-type-specific gene expression changes

Age-associated changes in immune cells have been linked to an increased risk for infection. However, a global and detailed characterization of the changes that human circulating immune cells undergo with age is lacking. Here, we combined scRNA-seq, mass cytometry and scATAC-seq to compare immune cell types in peripheral blood collected from young and old subjects and patients with COVID-19. We found that the immune cell landscape was reprogrammed with age and was characterized by T cell polarization from naive and memory cells to effector, cytotoxic, exhausted and regulatory cells, along with increased late natural killer cells, age-associated B cells, inflammatory monocytes and age-associated dendritic cells. In addition, the expression of genes, which were implicated in coronavirus susceptibility, was upregulated in a cell subtype-specific manner with age. Notably, COVID-19 promoted age-induced immune cell polarization and gene expression related to inflammation and cellular senescence. Therefore, these findings suggest that a dysregulated immune system and increased gene expression associated with SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility may at least partially account for COVID-19 vulnerability in the elderly.

The energy band structures and related room temperature exciton transitions of monolayer and bilayer tungsten diselenide (WSe2) are investigated using photoluminescence (PL) spectra under hydrostatic pressure up to 5.42 GPa. For monolayer WSe2, it is found that the conduction band Λ valley is 70 ± 30 meV higher than the K valley at zero pressure, and the K-Λ valley crossover happens at a pressure of approximately 2.25 GPa. The PL peak of exciton related to the direct K-K interband transition in monolayer and bilayer WSe2 shows a pressure-induced blue-shift at the rates of 31.5 ± 0.6 and 27 ± 1 meV GPa(-1), respectively. The indirect Λ-K interband transition for monolayer and bilayer WSe2 exhibits a distinctly different pressure response. The pressure coefficient is as small as -3 ± 6 meV GPa(-1) for monolayer, but a much larger value of -22 ± 1 meV GPa(-1) for bilayer WSe2, indicating that the interlayer coupling has a strong effect on the electronic states at the Λ valley.