In order to develop a deep method for removing trace acetic acid from industrial solvents, a type of quaternary ammonium-salt-modified magnetic microspheres was developed as a potential nanoadsorbent for low-concentration acetic-acid-enhanced removal from DMAC aqueous solution. The ion-exchange magnetic microspheres (Fe3O4@SiO2@N(CH3)3+) have been prepared by a two-step sol-gel method with N-trimethoxysilylpropyl-N, N, N-trimethylammonium chloride as functional monomer, tetraethyl orthosilicate as a cross-linking agent, Fe3O4@SiO2 as a matrix. The nanocomposite is characterized by SEM, FI-IR, XRD, VSM, and XPS. Moreover, the optimization of adsorption experiments shows that the maximum adsorption capacity of nanoadsorbent is 7.25 mg/g at a concentration = 30 mg/L, adsorbent dosage = 10 mg, V = 10 mL, and room temperature. Furthermore, the saturated Fe3O4@SiO2@N(CH3)3+ achieved an efficient regeneration using a simple desorption method and demonstrated a good regeneration performance after five adsorption/desorption cycles. In addition, Fe3O4@SiO2@N(CH3)3+ was used to remove acetic acid in DMAC waste liquid; the adsorption effect is consistent with that of a nanoadsorbent of acetic acid in an aqueous solution. These results indicate that Fe3O4@SiO2@N(CH3)3+ can efficiently treat acetic acid that is difficult to remove from DMAC waste liquid.

Superparamagnetic Fe3O4 particles have been synthesized by solvothermal method, and a layer of dense silica sol polymer is coated on the surface prepared by sol-gel technique; then La(OH)3 covered the surface of silica sol polymer in an irregular shape by controlled in situ growth technology. These magnetic materials are characterized by TEM, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDS and VSM; the results show that La(OH)3 nanoparticles have successfully modified on Fe3O4 surface. The prepared Fe3O4@La(OH)3 inorganic polymer has been used as adsorbent to remove phosphate efficiently. The effects of solution pH, adsorbent dosage and co-existing ions on phosphate removal are investigated. Moreover, the adsorption kinetic equation and isothermal model are used to describe the adsorption performance of Fe3O4@La(OH)3. It was observed that Fe3O4@La(OH)3 exhibits a fast equilibrium time of 20 min, high phosphate removal rate (>95.7%), high sorption capacity of 63.72 mgP/g, excellent selectivity for phosphate in the presence of competing ions, under the conditions of phosphate concentration 30 mgP/L, pH = 7, adsorbent dose 0.6 g/L and room temperature. The phosphate adsorption process by Fe3O4@La(OH)3 is best described by the pseudo-second-order equation and Langmuir isotherm model. Furthermore, the real samples and reusability experiment indicate that Fe3O4@La(OH)3 could be regenerated after desorption, and 92.78% phosphate removing remained after five cycles. Therefore, La(OH)3 nanoparticles deposited on the surface of monodisperse Fe3O4 microspheres have been synthesized for the first time by a controlled in-situ growth method. Experiments have proved that Fe3O4@La(OH)3 particles with fast separability, large adsorption capacity and easy reusability can be used as a promising material in the treatment of phosphate wastewater or organic pollutants containing phosphoric acid functional group.