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In this paper we re-examine the regional determinants of FDI in China using both total FDI flows, and FDI flows disaggregated by entry mode. Building on both the FDI location and entry mode choice literatures, we argue for the existence of mode-specific location advantages, and test for their existence. We first specify and estimate a location model of aggregate FDI flows to Chinese regions. Using the aggregate model as a benchmark, we then estimate separate equations for each of three different entry modes (wholly-owned subsidiaries, equity joint ventures and cooperative joint ventures), and compare the results with the aggregate model. The results indicate that mode-specific location advantages do exist, at least within China, but they are limited to a small number of factors. In particular, we identify the accumulated stock of FDI as being more likely to attract high control modes of entry, while existing policies to attract FDI are more likely to attract lower control modes of entry.Foreign Direct Investment, location choice, entry modes, China,

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Market-oriented economic reform brought great changes to the Chinese economy and society. The economic reforms accelerated after 1992, and a pattern of 'scientific development' and 'new normal' economics has developed since 2002. During this economic transitional process, issues of income distribution have kept attracting scholars' attention including: changes in earning distribution between genders; the effect of education, work experience, marriage and other factors on gender earnings and the differences among internal groups of women. This paper will use the data of the Chinese Household Income Projects in 2002 and 2013 to analyze earning disparity between genders and female inner groups. It finds that the 'glass ceiling effect' has intensified for women and the 'sticky floor effect' is still severe. Along with the earnings gap increasing between the genders, gender discrimination has also increased, and is particularly pronounced for women of higher earnings.