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Traditional drug delivery routes possess various disadvantages which make them unsuitable for certain population groups, or indeed unsuitable for drugs with certain physicochemical properties. As a result, a variety of alternative drug delivery routes have been explored in recent decades, including transdermal drug delivery. One of the most promising novel transdermal drug delivery technologies is a microarray patch (MAP), which can bypass the outermost skin barrier and deliver drugs directly into the viable epidermis and dermis. Unlike traditional MAPs which release loaded cargo simultaneously upon insertion into the skin, stimuli responsive MAPs based on biological stimuli are able to precisely release the drug in response to the need for additional doses. Thus, smart MAPs that are only responsive to certain external stimuli are highly desirable, as they provide safer and more efficient drug delivery. In addition to drug delivery, they can also be used for biological monitoring, which further expands their applications.

No abstract

The modulation characteristics of liquid crystal spatial light modulators (LC-SLMs) are related to the incident wavelength. In order to load the grayscale image correctly, LC-SLMs must be calibrated before using. We propose high-order Chinese Taiji radial-shearing interferometry to calibrate the phase modulation curve of an LC-SLM, which is different from the conventional calibration method. The new method is proposed to establish the mapping relationship between LC-SLM grayscale and phase modulation by rotating multiple Airy spots, which are derived from radial-shearing interference through a high-order Chinese Taiji lens. Compared with the traditional interference fringes, one of the greatest advantages is that the function between the grayscale and rotation angle of the two Airy spots is established more easily. Moreover, it eliminates the complex data processing steps and has a high enough signal-to-noise ratio. The experimental results show that high-order Chinese Taiji radialshearing interferometry is a very effective calibration method for LC-SLM.