Articles you may be interested inArgon plasma exposure enhanced intermixing in an undoped In Ga As P ∕ In P quantum-well structure Influence of cap layer on implantation induced interdiffusion in InP/InGaAs quantum wells J. Appl. Phys. 93, 4468 (2003); 10.1063/1.1555273Transmission electron microscopy study of the InP/InGaAs and InGaAs/InP heterointerfaces grown by metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy A comparison of spectroscopic and microscopic observations of ion-induced intermixing in InGaAs/InP quantum wells Appl.The interdiffusion of lattice-matched InP/͑In,Ga͒As superlattice structures ͑nominally undoped, p-doped and n-doped͒ has been studied by analytical electron microscopy ͑x-ray analysis͒ using a field emission gun, scanning transmission electron microscope. The point-spread function of the electron beam was used to correct the experimental data ͑obtained as x-ray maps, 50ϫ50 nm in area͒ in order to derive diffusion profiles of the group V elements ͑As, P͒ after annealing. The results, showing a marked asymmetry in the As profiles after annealing, are interpreted using a model based on the coherent diffusion of the group III and V elements on their own sublattices, each of which is treated as a regular solution. A mathematical procedure, based on the minimization of the difference between the measured and predicted concentration profiles, is employed to compute the two lattice-specific composition-dependent velocities from the experimental diffusion profiles. A good agreement is found between the experimental measurements and the predictions of the model. The role of coherency strains in the interdiffusion process is discussed.

The recent COVID-19 epidemic has affected the global sports industry to a certain extent, and health clubs are no exception. To avoid unsustainable operations, health clubs need to restructure their programs to suit members’ needs. Therefore, this study constructs a two-stage framework model to evaluate health club members’ purchase of coaching programs. The first stage is to construct a hierarchy of evaluation, using the modified Delphi method, to select suitable criteria and extended sub-criteria, and add and delete them through expert discussion. In the second stage, we use the pairwise comparison matrix to calculate the weight of each criterion and sub-criterion to influence each other. Next, we evaluate and compare physical, online and offline, and live-stream coaching programs, by using network hierarchy analysis to identify the best class purchase plan during the epidemic and provide relevant suggestions. The results of the study found that during the epidemic, the primary sales were for weight training among physical programs (0.314), and activity classes among online and offline programs (0.633) as well as live-stream coaching programs (0.280). These findings have implications for health clubs in deciding which mode they need to adopt for sustainable operations.

Background: Pacemaker implantation combined with atrioventricular node ablation (AVNA) could be a practical choice for atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with heart failure (HF). Left bundle branch area pacing (LBBaP) has been widely reported. Objectives: To explore the safety and efficacy of LBBaP combined with AVNA in AF patients with HF. Methods and results: Fifty-six AF patients with HF attempted LBBaP and AVNA from January 2019 to December 2020. Standard LBBaP was achieved in forty-six patients, and another ten received left ventricular septal pacing (LVSP). The cardiac function indexes and pacemaker parameters were evaluated at baseline, and we conducted a 1-month and 1-year follow-up. Result: At the time of implantation and 1-month and 1-year follow-up, QRS duration of LVSP group was longer than that of LBBaP group. The pacemaker parameters remained stable in both the LBBaP and LVSP groups. At 1-month and 1-year follow-up after LBBaP and AVNA, left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, and NYHA classification continued to improve. Baseline left ventricular ejection fraction and QRS duration change at implantation can predict the magnitude of improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction at 1-year after LBBaP. Baseline right atrial left-right diameter, the degree of tricuspid regurgitation, and interventricular septum thickness may be the factors affecting the success of LBBaP. Conclusion: LBBaP combined with AVNA is safe and effective for patients with AF and HF. Baseline right atrial left-right diameter, the degree of tricuspid regurgitation, and interventricular septum thickness may be the factors affecting the success of LBBaP.

Aims: This study aimed to investigate an appropriate catheter manipulation approach for ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) originating from the left ventricular epicardium adjacent to the transitional area from the great cardiac vein to the anterior interventricular vein (DGCV-AIV).Methods: A total of 123 patients with DGCV-AIV VAs were retrospectively analyzed. All these patients underwent routine mapping and ablation by conventional approach [Non-Swartz sheath support (NS) approach] firstly. In the situation of the distal portion of the coronary venous system (CVS) not being accessed or a good target site not being obtained, the Swartz sheath support (SS) approach was attempted alternatively. If this still failed, the hydrophilic coated guidewire and left coronary angiographic catheter-guided deep engagement of Swartz sheath in GCV to support ablation catheter was performed.Results: A total of 103 VAs (103/123, 83.74%) were successfully eliminated in DGCV-AIV. By NS approach, the tip of the catheter reached DGCV in 39.84% VAs (49/123), reached target sites in 35.87% VAs (44/123), and achieved successful ablation in 30.89% VAs (38/123), which was significantly lower than by SS approach (88.61% (70/79), 84.81 % (67/79), and 75.95% (60/79), P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in complication occurrence between the NS approach and the SS approach (4/123, 3.25% vs. 7/79, 8.86%, p > 0.05). The angle between DGCV and AIV <83° indicated an inaccessible AIV by catheter tip with a predictive value of 94.5%. Width/height of coronary venous system>0.69 more favored a SS approach with a predictive value of 87%.Conclusion: For radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) of VAs arising from DGCV-AIV, the SS approach facilitates the catheter tip to achieve target sites and contributes to a successful ablation.

(1) Background: To determine the prevalence, electrocardiographic characteristics, mapping, and ablation of IVAs arising from the CVS. (2) Methods: Detailed activation and pace mapping of the CVS IVAs was performed before attempted radiofrequency ablation (RFCA). (3) Results: The IVAs originating from the vicinity of the CVS represented approximately 5.27% (164/3113) of all IVAs; 94.51% (155/164) cases were accessed at the earliest identified site and 83.54% (137/164) IVAs were successfully ablated. The main coronary vein group had a relatively short procedure time, short fluoroscopy time, fewer radiofrequency lesions prior to success, and less Swartz sheath support. IVAs originating from the CVS had distinct ECG characteristics: Rs, RS or rS (with s or S) wave in lead V1 indicate the Vas arising from the proximal portion of the anterior interventricular vein (AIV) and summit-CV; Rs (with s or S) wave in leads V5–V6 indicate the Vas arising from the adjacent regions of the distal great cardiac vein 1 (DGCV1); positive wave (R, Rs or r) In lead I indicate the VAs ori”inat’ng from Summit-CV and posterior wall subgroup (including middle cardiac vein [MCV], posterior lateral vein [PLV], coronary sinus [CS]). Compared with the IVAs originating from the endocardial mitral annulus, a PdW > 45 ms, an IDT > 74 ms, and an MDI > 0.50 indicate a CVS origin of the IVAs. The common peri-procedure complications were CV dissection (6.45%, 10/155), CV rupture (1.29%, 2/155), coronary artery spasm (1.29%, 2/155), coronary artery stenosis (0.65%, 1/155), pericardial effusion (0.65%, 1/155) and tamponade (1.29%, 2/155). Stenosis of coronary arteries was not observed at the adjacent ablation site in the CVS during follow-up. (4) Conclusions: vAs arising from the CVS are not a rare phenomenon. Several ECG and procedure characteristics could help regionalize, map, and ablate the origin of IVAs from different portions of the CVS. RFCA within the CVS was relatively effective and safe.