Current centralized heating monitoring system has realized the collection and control of working condition data in heating power stations, but there are still some shortcomings, such as the inability to collect data on the working conditions of user sides, and the inability to meet the further demand of heating enterprises for the refinement of heating network monitoring data. A wireless sensor network is a fully distributed sensor system with no central node, which can intensively deploy many sensor nodes to monitoring area through random placement, and integrates sensors, data processing and communication modules to form a self-organized network system. Therefore, in order to realize the intelligence of heating system and improve the flexibility of node data collection, the monitoring system can use wireless sensor network technology to realize wireless collection of node data, and display the collected data on a man-machine interface in real time. On the basis of research results from previous scholars, this paper expounds the research status and significance of centralized heating monitoring system design, elaborates the development background, current status and future challenges of wireless sensor network technology, introduces the methods and principles of wireless network communication protocol and heating and heat balance flow analysis, proposes a structural model of a centralized heating monitoring system based on wireless sensor networks, carries out the design of perception and convergence nodes, analyzes the layout of wireless sensor networks, explores the design scheme of centralized heating monitoring system based on wireless sensor networks, conducts the hardware and software design of the monitoring system, implements the software testing and hardware debugging of the centralized heating monitoring system, and finally discusses the relationship between data transfer related tasks and task scheduling. The study results show that the application of the centralized heating monitoring system based on the wireless sensor networks can not only more conveniently monitor, control and manage the entire heating networks, but also make full use of the centralized monitoring and quantitative management functions of the wireless sensor networks. This achieves dynamic tracking and monitoring of heating operation, real-time diagnosis of hidden dangers in heating operation, and safe, normal and energy-saving operation of the centralized heating system. The study results of this paper provide a reference for further researches on the design of centralized heating monitoring system based on wireless sensor networks.

In the context of green development and sustainable development, in response to the national policy of “carbon neutrality and peak carbon dioxide emissions”, we will fully implement clean energy heating and reduce air pollution. Air energy is the representative, bringing the comfortable, efficient, safe and energy-saving environment to people. For an office building in Nanjing, which is located in hot-summer and cold-winter zone, an air source heat pump unit is designed as a cold and heat source system to meet the demand for heating in winter and cooling in summer. At the same time, compared with the traditional cold and heat source system which is designed central heating in winter and multi-line refrigeration in summer, the result of economic analysis shows that the use of air source heat pump as the cold and heat source system of office buildings is more economical and energy-saving. It is suitable to popularize and apply in China’s hot-summer and cold-winter zone.