To this day, tuberculosis (TB) continues to pose a significant global health burden. The World Health Organization's Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) recommends the bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine for infants to protect against the haematogenous spread of primary TB and other more severe types of TB infection. We report an eight-month-old boy who presented to the Armed Forces Hospital, Muscat, Oman, in 2015 with a one-month history of intermittent fever associated with a limited range of motion in the right hip area. He was up-to-date with his EPI vaccinations and had no history of exposure to individuals with TB infections. He was initially treated for bacterial septic arthritis; however, a GeneXpert TB assay revealed the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, BCG strain. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first documented case from Oman of a child with TB hip osteomyelitis due to a BCG vaccination.

Proximal tibial fractures are very rare. Our case is about a six-year-old girl presented with proximal tibial triplane fracture associated with proximal and distal fibula and distal tibial fractures, as a result of a fall of a cement wall on her right knee. A radiograph and computerized tomography (CT) scan were reported as Salter-Harris type III fracture. She was treated by an open reduction and internal fixation by a screw and Kirschner wires. She was followed up for 12 months and showed an excellent knee outcome and her knee range of motion was 10-130o. Anatomical reduction and stable fixation are necessary to prevent future pain, deformity and arthritis. The case demonstrates the efficacy of using an open reduction and internal fixation by a screw and Kirschner wires in treating children with triplane proximal tibial fracture.  This type of fracture is not frequently seen and a right diagnosis leads to better management, which could prevent future complications

Septic arthritis is a surgical emergency requiring prompt drainage of the accumulation of pus in the joint. We report an eight-year-old boy who was referred to the Armed Forces Hospital, Salalah, Oman, in 2016 with limping and pain in his right hip along with an abduction deformity. He was initially diagnosed with synovitis and underwent conservative management. However, two weeks later, he presented to another centre due to persistent pain. Magnetic resonance imaging was suggestive of septic arthritis or osteomyelitis. Eight weeks later, the patient presented again to the Armed Forces Hospital. An arthrotomy was performed, during which an amount of what appeared to be frank pus was drained; however, cultures of the intraoperative samples returned no growth. A histopathological analysis revealed an osteosarcoma. The patient was subsequently referred elsewhere and underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy and limb salvage surgery. Several months later, he relapsed and developed extensive pulmonary metastasis and died as a result of progressive deterioration.Keywords: Osteosarcoma; Hip Joint; Septic Arthritis; Osteomyelitis; Differential Diagnosis; Case Report; Oman.