In this study, the treatability of hospital wastewater was investigated using contact stabilization process on a laboratory scale. A detention time of one hour was selected for sludge settling and separation of treated effluent, and removal efficiency was measured at contact times of 30, 60, and 90 min, and stabilization times of 4.5 and 5.5 h. Based on different detention times, 6 series of experiments were designed. Results showed that after an initial rapid COD removal in the first 30 min, COD values fluctuate in the time range of 30–90 min. However, in the case where COD values reduce in the second stage, this recovery is negligible, thus, the time of 30 min is considered as the optimal detention time for the contact reactor. Sludge volume index (SVI) values of 119.20 and 109.17 mL/g were obtained for stabilization times of 4.5 and 5.5 h, respectively. Therefore, the longer the stabilization time, the closer the SVI is to 100 mL/g. Moreover, lower settled sludge volume (SSV) value at 5.5 h of stabilization shows better characteristics compared to 4.5 h of stabilization. Furthermore, COD removal efficiency at the optimum contact time is higher when 5.5 h is selected for stabilization.

tract infections in women: Etiology and ... [2] Rowe TA, Juthani-Mehta M. Urinary tract infection in older adults. Aging ... [3] Abbo LM, Hooton TM. Antimicrobial stewardship and urinary tract infections. Antibiotics ... [4] Halaji M, Shahidi S, Atapour A, Ataei B, Feizi A, Havaei SA. Characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli among Iranian kidney transplant patients. Infect ... [5] Flores-Mireles AL, Walker JN, Caparon M, Hultgren SJ. Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options. Nat Rev... [6] Dadgostar P. Antimicrobial resistance: Implications and ... [7] Monack DM, Schwartz DJ, Conover MS, Hannan TJ, Hultgren SJ. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli superinfection enhances the severity of mouse bladder infection. PLoS... [8] Beahm NP, Nicolle LE, Bursey A, Smyth DJ, Tsuyuki RT. The assessment and management of urinary tract infections in adults: Guidelines for pharmacists. Can Pharm J ... [9] Oliva A, Giacobbe DR, Di Luca M, Miller NS. New insights into infections due to multidrug resistant Gram negative bacteria: The interplay between lab and clinic. Biomed Res ... [10] Ventola CL. The antibiotic resistance crisis: Part 1: causes and threats. Pharm ... [11] Fallah F, Parhiz S, Azimi L, Rashidan M. Distribution and antibiotic resistance pattern of bacteria isolated from patients with community-acquired urinary tract infections in Iran: A cross-sectional ..

In this research, pollution transport in a 1-D domain with a source/sink and a retardation term is simulated using a series of completely mixed reactors. It is shown that as the volume of these reactors approaches zero, the governing equation of the system becomes identical to the advection diffusion partial differential equation. By application of mass balance to a finite number of completely mixed reactors, a set of ordinary differential equations which is equivalent to spatially discretized form of the equation is obtained in a completely natural and intuitive way. More importantly, the proposed innovative model can offer a conceptual insight into pollution transport phenomena and is flexible to any change for different problems. List of Symbolṡm in Mass flux in mass ∕ time ṁ out Mass flux out mass ∕ time dm dt Mass accumulation rate mass ∕ time Q D Diffusion flow rate volume ∕ time Q A Advection flow rate volume ∕ time C Concentration mass ∕ volume K Decay rate S −1 V Volume of reactor (volume) u Velocity distance ∕ time ±S Source/sink term (x) (t) Dirac delta function