ÖzetKüreselleşme akımının etkisiyle birlikte ülkeler arasındaki sınırların ortadan kalkması uluslararası mal alışverişlerini hızlandırırken uluslararası alışverişler için gerekli döviz ihtiyacını da artırmaktadır. Bu durum döviz kurunda meydana gelen değişmelerin ekonomi üzerindeki etkisini artırmaktadır. Döviz kurlarında meydana gelen dalgalanmalar ithalata dayalı üretim ya da satış yapan endüstrilerde maliyet artışıyla birlikte yurtiçi fiyatları yükselterek bir enflasyonist sürecin yaşanmasına neden olmaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmada Türkiye'de 2013Q1-2021Q1 dönemi arasındaki enflasyon ile döviz kuru, ihracat ve ithalat arasındaki asimetrik ilişki NARDL yöntemi ile test edilmektedir. Çalışma sonucunda döviz kuru, ithalat ve ihracatın enflasyon üzerinde asimetrik etkisinin olduğu ve Türkiye' de bu sürecin fiyat yapışkanlıklarına neden olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.
Turkey adopted an export-dependent growth strategy after the 1980 liberalization. In later years, with the impact of this strategy, Turkey's export structure and performance became a subject of investigation. Thus, when the export structure is evaluated, dependence of the export oriented industries on capital goods, intermediate goods, and energy is remarkable. Therefore, in this study, the development of import-based exports in Turkey between 1996:1 and 2018:4 was tested by the ARDL bound test method. As a result of the analyses, the effect of intermediate goods, capital goods, and energy imports, which have a higher amount of imports than other imported goods in the short and long term in Turkey, is noteworthy. Hence, the study is important and different from other studies in that it verifies the Turkey's industrial structure tending towards the assembly industry since its recent export structure has shown an import-oriented development and the share of imports of intermediate goods in its exports is high.
Dünyada meydana gelen ekonomik gelişmeler incelendiğinde, Neoklasik büyüme modeli çerçevesinde incelenen MRW modeli, sermaye birikimini fiziki sermaye ve beşeri sermaye olarak ayrıştırmaktadır. Daha sonra ortaya çıkan içsel büyüme modellerinde ise beşeri sermaye ve fiziki sermaye faktörleri ayrı ayrı inceleme konusu yapılarak beşeri sermayenin ekonomik büyümeye etkisi üzerinde durulmaktadır. Bunun yanı sıra 1970’li yıllarda ortaya çıkan petrol krizinin etkisiyle enerji faktörünün ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkilerini inceleyen çalışmalar dikkat çekmektedir. Yapılan açıklamalar çerçevesinde, bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’ de fiziki sermaye, beşeri sermaye ve enerji tüketimi faktörlerinde meydana gelen değişmelerin, GSYİH üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektir. Yapılan çalışmada, Türkiye’nin 1965-2014 yılları arasındaki fiziki sermaye, beşeri sermaye ve enerji tüketimi verileri kullanılarak, değişkenlerin ekonomik büyümeye olan etkileri NARDL yöntemi ile test edilmektedir
Company efficiency is important for determining the level of competitiveness of firms in national and international markets with the effect of globalization and increasing competition conditions in international markets. Firm efficiency is expressed as the firm achieving an optimal combination of data inputs and output. R&D expenditures play an important role in increasing the efficiency performances of the companies. The R&D expenditures of the enterprises increase the firm size, profitability and competitiveness. In this study, Borsa İstanbul in Turkey between the years of 2009-2018 operating in continuous R&D spending and manufacturing company engaged in the R&D expenditure, which examined the relationship between firm efficiency and total factor productivity. Two-stage prediction method was used to test this relationship. Data Envelopment Analysis method was used as an auxiliary method to determine efficacy and TFP levels.
In this study, it is aimed to analyze the effect of cigarette and alcohol consumption on the virus, which is thought to be effective in the spread and increase of the severity of the COVID-19 virus, which has been increasingly continuing its existence all over the world in the last period. Starting from this point, the study, the relationship between the number of COVID-19 cases, smoking and alcohol consumption variables in Turkey in the period 2020-03-2021-02 was tested with the Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag model. The long and short-term asymmetrical relationships between the dependent variable and the independent variable were tested with the NARDL model, it has been revealed how the positive and negative changes in the independent variables affect the dependent variable. In the study, 1% increase in cigarette consumption in the short term increases COVID-19 cases by 24%, 1% reduction reduces COVID-19 cases by 12%. When the results related to alcohol consumption are evaluated in the short term, 1% increase in alcohol consumption increases COVID-19 cases by 72%, 1% reduction reduces COVID-19 cases by 29%.
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