La floricultura es uno de actividades agrícolas con mayor rentabilidad en México, y el país tiene la capacidad de ser potencia exportadora en este rubro. Diversas ventajas competitivas como su posición geográfica con puertos comerciales ubicados en dos océanos, su cercanía con los Estados Unidos como uno de los principales mercados, y la firma tratados de libre comercio que le permiten acceso a más de 40 mercados internacionales, pueden permitir que México ocupe la primera posición en la exportación de f lores a nivel mundial. Actualmente, el Estado de México cultiva casi 90% de todas las flores que se venden en el país, y aún existen zonas con potencial florícola que podrían mostrar un grado de desarrollo mayor. En este estudio se realizó una caracterización de la producción y comercialización de f lores de corte, en la región de Texcoco, Estado de México, y zonas aledañas, para generar información que apoye la toma de decisiones para mejorar la actividad. Se aplicaron cuestionarios tanto a floricultores de Nativitas y Tequexquinahuac como a comercializadores de Texcoco, respectivamente. De los datos obtenidos se concluye que la floricultura en la región estudiada tiene un amplio potencial de crecimiento, a través de la mejora del sistema de producción, tecnificación, manejo poscosecha y cadena de valor, para satisfacer no sólo el mercado local y nacional, sino para promover la exportación.
Objective: To induce in vitro flowering of vanilla (Vanilla planifolia) with different plant growth regulators (PGRs) using the double-layer technique. Design/methodology/approach: A layer of semi-solid Knudson C (KC) medium, added with 40 g L-1 sucrose, 15% coconut water (CW; v/v) and 7 g L-1 agar, was placed in 100 mL flasks. A liquid layer of the same composition without agar was placed on top. It was supplemented with different doses (mg L-1) of PGRs: 6-benzyladenine (BA) (7), thidiazuron (TDZ) (6), paclobutrazol (PBZ) (0.5) and gibberellic acid (AG3) (2). Plus two controls, C1: no PGRs + no CW; C2: no PGRs + CW. Vanilla shoots of 2 cm in length and with at least one axillary shoot were placed. They were incubated at a temperature of 26±2 °C day and 18 °C darkness, with light intensity of 55 µmol m-2 s-1 during 13 weeks. The number of shoots, leaves and roots was evaluated, as well as the length of shoots and fresh weight. Floral differentiation was evaluated at the tenth week by conventional microtechnique. Results: The number shoots and leaves and shoot length were significantly higher in C2. The number of roots increased with PBZ 0.5 mgL-1. C1 and C2 promoted higher fresh weight. Floral differentiation was observed with AG3 2 and PBZ 0.5 mg L-1 treatments. Limitations on study/implications: Further evaluation of other PGR doses and environmental conditions is required to achieve full floral differentiation of vanilla. Findings/conclusions: CW increased vegetative growth. AG3 and PBZ showed early floral differentiation in Vanilla planifolia, which is the first report of this phenomenon for the species.
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