Objectives: To experimentally evaluate the effects of preoperative fasting duration on distant organ liver in renal ischaemia-reperfusion )IR( injury.Methods: This is an experimental study. In the study, 3 groups were formed. In Group A, abdominal laparotomy was carried out after 12 hours of preoperative fasting without any IR damage. In Group B, IR injury was carried out after 12 hours of preoperative fasting, and abdominal laparotomy was carried out, in Group C after 2 hours of fasting after IR injury. Apoptosis, congestion, balloon degeneration, nuclear pleomorphism, and leukocyte infiltration were examined histopathologically and tumor necrosis factor-alpha )TNF-α(, interleukin )IL( -1 beta, IL-6, and IL-10 were evaluated biochemically.

Backround: To show the effects of tranexamic acid, which is a drug frequently used in bleeding control, on the hip joint and sciatic nerve with animal experiments. Methods: There were 15 rats in each of the 3 groups, totaling 45 rats. Topical saline injections were applied to the first group, topical TXA injections to the second group, and intravenous (IV) TXA injections to the third group. In the samples taken from the hip joint three weeks later, femoral head cartilage , sciatic nerve and joint capsule thicknesses were analyzed histologically. Results: Statistically significantly more cartilage degradation was detected in the femoral head cartilage in both the IV and intraarticular TXA group when compared to the control group.The groups were also compared in terms of acetabular cartilage; however, no histological difference was found between the groups.It was seen that when the femoral head cartilage thickness (the average of the measurements made from 3 different points were used) the cartilage thickness in the topical TXA group was less when compared to the other 2 groups. However, this difference was determined to not be statistically significant. The data of the hip joint capsule thickness measurement , it was found that the capsule thickness in the topical TXA applied group was less when compared to the other 2 groups. However, this difference was not statistically significant. When all 3 groups were compared in sciatic nerve no different staining characteristics were found in the immunofluorescence examination. Conclusion: Txa, which is frequently used in orthopedic practice, shows negative effects on hip joint cartilage in both topical and intravenous application.

Background & objective: Corona pandemic has had profound effects on the practice of healthcare delivery across the globe. The institutional practices and protocols had to be rewritten to cope up with the surge of corona patients and to save the staff and the non-corona patients. We evaluated the emergency surgery cases during the first wave of COVID-19 after the decision to stop elective surgeries, in regard to differences in terms of case distribution, patient profile, anesthesia methods used and the management, and compared with an equivalent period before the pandemic. Methodology: Patient files related to emergency surgery from October-November 2019 and April-May 2020, were retrospectively evaluated. Assessment parameters included age, gender, surgical discipline, ASA score, type of anesthesia, time to discharge, reoperation, laparoscopic or open surgery. Results: The most common surgical cases in both periods belonged to general surgery. While the number of patients in ASA-I decreased during the COVID period, those in ASA-II increased. We found that while general anesthesia was preferred in majority of the surgeries during the non-COVID period, spinal anesthesia gained popularity in the COVID period (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The decrease in the number of patients with ASA-I indicates a change in the surgeons’ priorities in emergency surgery cases. Although there is a worldwide approach to the use of laparoscopic surgery, the use of open surgical techniques increased in our hospital. Key words: Covid-19; Pandemic, Emergency surgery Citation: Akcaalan Y, Erkilic E, Gulec H, Gumus T, Ozturk L, Kayan G, Kanbak O, Celik N. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the approach to emergency surgery: a comparative study. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2022;26(3):469-473; DOI: 10.35975/apic.v26i4.1949 Received: Sep 29, 2021; Reviewed: Jan 10, 2022; Accepted: Mar 26, 2022