We have investigated the annealing effect on the structural, optical and electrical properties of copper oxide films prepared on glass substrates by chemical deposition. The films were annealed in air for different temperatures ranging from 200 to 350 • C. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that the films as-deposited and annealed at 200 and 250 • C are of cuprite structure with composition Cu 2 O. Annealing at 300 • C converts these films to CuO. This conversion is accompanied by a shift in the optical band gap from 2.20 eV to 1.35 eV. Also this conversion was obtained by the dc electrical conductivity and FTIR spectroscopy measurements.

These findings suggest that the polymorphisms observed in the NOD2/CARD15, NOD1/CARD4, and ICAM-1 genes are not genetic susceptibility factors for Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis in Turkey.

The results suggest that these polymorphisms were not important risk factors in the susceptibility to IBD in Turkish patients.

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Introduction Hospitalization is a stressful experience both for primary caregivers (PCs) and cancer patients alike. Although there is significant evidence that PCs of cancer patients can experience significant caregiver burden (CB), less is known about the relationships between PCs and patient symptom severity that influence CB. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, measures of the symptom severity were obtained from cancer patients. The PCs were assessed for CB. Associations between patients' symptoms and demographic characteristics and CB were investigated using multivariate analyses. Results: A total of 98 participants (patient-caregiver dyads) filled the questionnaires. According to the Zarit Burden Interview results, 65.3% of PCs had a high CB. Pain, tiredness, nausea, depression, drowsiness, well-being, and dyspnea had significantly higher mean values in those with high CB (p < .05). Financial difficulties, first-degree relationships with the patient, higher anxiety levels, and more pronounced tiredness appear to be the variables most predictive with high CB. Conclusion: In conclusion, the present study showed CB of PCs among a group of hospitalized incurable cancer patients. PCs of more symptomatic cancer patients had a higher CB, according to our findings. This emphasized the significance of palliative care. Appropriate guidance should be provided for the psychostress caused by the CB.