This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Transitional Care Model Stroke Turkey for stroke patients and caregivers as regards the competence of caregivers and patient outcomes. It is a parallel-group, assessor-blinded monocenter conducted with 126 participants in total (66 intervention included 33 stroke patients and 33 caregivers; 60 control groups included 30 stroke patients and 30 caregivers), between March and August 2018. The Transitional Care Model Stroke Turkey program lasts for 13 to 20 weeks. It includes a 12-week follow-up after discharge, a minimum of three hospital visits, one home visit, minimum 18 phone calls, and Web-based training. The intervention group exhibited better caregiver competence (13.48 ± 2.31), preparation for care (28.48 ± 4.74), and e-health literacy (34.42 ± 4.74) than the control group (respectively, 11.37 ± 2.48, 20.93 ± 7.10, 26.93 ± 8.53) (P < .001). Emotional exhaustion and depersonalization increased in the control group, but remained the same in the intervention group. Personal accomplishment decreased in the intervention group, unlike in the control group. Within 12 weeks of discharge, five patients from the intervention group and seven patients from the control group were rehospitalized. There was no statistical difference between stroke patients in either group in terms of having previously used home healthcare services. The Transitional Care Model Stroke Turkey is a practical model for stroke patients transitioning from hospital to home.

ÖZKanser tarama programlarına katılma davranışlarına yönelik bilincin arttırılması ve bu davranışların düzenli olarak yapılması için davranış değişim modelleri ile desteklenmiş eğitim programları yapılandırılmalı ve uygulanmalıdır. Precede-Proceed modeli bir sağlık davranış değişikliği ile ilgili pek çok faktörü dikkate alan ve yol gösterici olan makro modellerden biridir. Model erken tanı amaçlı kanser tarama programlarına katılma davranışlarını geliştirmek için farklı çalışmalarda kullanılmıştır. Bu derleme yazısında amaç meme, serviks ve kolorektal kanser tarama programlarına katılma davranışlarına yönelik Precede-Proceed modeli kullanılarak yapılan çalışmaları, modelin kullanılabilirliğini ve etkinliğini değerlendirmektir. Anahtar kelimeler: Precede-Proceed model, kanser tarama programı, erken tanı, davranış geliştirme. ABSTRACTIt is important to join individual, organizational, and social efforts in order to prevent cancer and increase early diagnosis. The design and implementation of training programs based on behavioral change models are important in order to increase the awareness of participation behaviors for cancer screening programs and to show these behaviors regularly. The Precede-Proceed model is one of the guiding models that considers many factors related to a health behavior change. The model has been used in different studies in order to improve participation behaviors in cancer screening programs for early diagnosis. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the studies conducted using the Precede-Proceed model for participation behaviors in breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening programs as well as access the usability and ef cacy of the model.

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Objective: It is to determine interventions performed to develop competence of family caregivers of patients with stroke in coping with caregiving and what are they of these interventions. Method: 20 randomized controlled studies, one of them meta-analysis, were evaluated in accordance with inclusion criteria. All studies were systematized and examined. Results: Types of interventions made to the caregivers were consultancy via phone, e-mail, web aided training, home visits, and group education. The intervention provided to caregivers was found to be effective in 15 of 20 studies included in the study. In other five studies, there was no statistical difference in terms of a measured parameter; whereas, it was found useful for caregivers in at least one of the other measured parameters. Conclusion: The fact that interventions for strengthening caregivers were highly effective points out the requirement of determining cost effective methods in future studies.Key words: Stroke, family caregivers, caregivers competence, care burden, cope with stress, systematic review ÖZET Amaç: İnmeli hastaların, aile bakım vericilerinin, bakım vermede baş etme yeterliliklerini geliştirmek amacıyla yapılan girişimler ve bu girişimlerin neler olduğunun belirlenmesidir. Yöntem: Dâhil edilme kriterlerine uygun olarak, biri meta analiz olmak üzere, 20 randomize kontrollü çalışma değerlendirilmiştir. Tüm çalışmalar sistematize edilerek incelenmiştir. Bulgular: Bakım vericilere yapılan girişim türlerinin; telefonla danışmanlık, e-posta, web destekli eğitim, ev ziyaretleri ve grup eğitimi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırma kapsamına alınan 20 araştırmanın, 15'inde bakım vericilere yapılan girişimin etkin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Diğer beş araştırmada ise, ölçülen bir parametrede istatistik açısından farklılık yok iken, ölçülen diğer parametrelerin en az birinde girişimin bakım verenler için faydalı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Bakım vericileri güçlendirmeye yönelik girişimlerin büyük oranda etkin olması, gelecek çalışmalarda maliyet etkili yöntemlerin belirlenmesi gerektiğine işaret etmektedir.Anahtar kelimeler: İnme, aile bakım verici, bakım verme yeterliliği, bakım yükü, stresle başa çıkma, sistematik derleme

The aim of this study was to find out the effects of telehealth interventions on blood pressure control by conducting a meta-analysis. Six databases were used. The literature review covered the period between December 1, 2020, and January 26, 2021. The meta-analysis was conducted by comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software version 2.2. Categorical variables were analyzed by odds ratios at a confidence interval of 95%. In data formatting and analysis, independent groups (sample size, P value); independent groups (mean, SD); Cohen's d, SE; and paired groups (N, P value) were used. The bias risk was assessed based on the Revised Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool for Randomized Trials. Total sample size including 22 studies was 11 120. It was determined that interventions performed through telehealth applications had a significant effect on blood pressure control (odds ratio = −0.14; 95% confidence interval = −0.20 to −0.08; P < .001). In telehealth applications, blood pressure values decreased more when the application was performed through a Web site (−0.31; 95% confidence interval = −0.49 to −0.13), duration of the intervention was 12 months or shorter (−0.18; 95% confidence interval = −0.28 to −0.010), stroke developed in case of hypertension (−0.31, 95% confidence interval = −0.76 to 0.12), and the study was conducted in the Far East countries (−0.24; 95% confidence interval = 0.40 to −0.07). Interventions with telehealth applications are effective in blood pressure management. PROSPERO ID: CRD42021228536.