The destabilizing effect of endodontic treatment upon teeth is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different steps of endodontic treatments upon the rigidity of teeth. Extracted untreated central maxillary anterior teeth were loaded (3.75 N), and deformations of the root were assessed by Speckle pattern interferometry. The following treatments (with subsequent determination of deformability) were conducted sequentially: access preparation, manual instrumentation (Kerr files ISO-40, ISO-60, ISO-80, ISO-110), and tapered and parallel-sided post preparation. It was found that the teeth were increasingly destabilized by any treatment. While the increased deformability was not significant with the manual enlargement (p > 0.05), we found a significant destabilization after access preparation and post preparation (p < 0.05). A corresponding difference was found after conversion of the post preparation from tapered to parallel-sided (p < 0.05). Both substance loss and modifications of the natural root canal geometry play an important role in tooth rigidity.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the content and quality of the popular videos on YouTubeTM about the treatment of cleft lip and palate. Design: Retrospective, YouTubeTM video analysis. Methods: The 3 keywords “cleft lip and palate surgery,” “cleft lip and palate treatment,” and “cleft lip and palate repair” were searched on YouTubeTM. After sorted by view-count, final 50 videos were analyzed for general characteristics, primary purpose, information content, relevance, audiovisual quality, and also viewers’ interaction index, and viewing rate formulas were calculated for each video. Kruskal Wallis and one-way analysis of variance tests were used to compare the video parameters between good, moderate, and poor information content videos. Results: The viewing rate was significantly higher in good content videos ( P = .003). Most of the videos were uploaded by a clinic (32%), a surgeon (20%), or individuals (22%) who shared their own experience. Most of the videos (54.00%) were classified as moderate general information content and 26.00% were rated as poor, and 20.00% were rated as good. Videos generally involved patient information (60.00%), followed by patient parent’s experience (14.00%), and cleft lip and palate surgery (12.00%). The average viewers’ interaction index of all evaluated YouTubeTM videos was 0.36. Conclusions: Although most of the videos were rated as moderate regarding the sufficiency of the information, the results of this study showed that YouTubeTM could still not be considered as a fully reliable source of information for patients on treatment of cleft lip and palate.

An orthodontic malocclusion may affect the temporomandibular joint structures in susceptible individuals. This study aims to investigate the bone density of the mandibular condyles in patients presenting with different dentofacial skeletal patterns. Methods: Panoramic radiographs of 200 randomly selected patients with a skeletal and dental Class I, Class II division 1, Class II division 2 and Class III malocclusion were evaluated. Bone density of the right and left mandibular condyles was measured using fractal analysis. Results: No significant difference was detected between the right and left condyles in the various malocclusion groups. However, post-hoc tests showed that Class I patients had significantly higher FD values than Class III and Class II division 1 patients in both right and left condyles following intergroup comparisons. The only significant difference between the genders was detected in the left condyle of Class II division 1 patients, as male patients were found to have significantly higher FD values than females. Conclusions:The results of the present study showed that Class II division 1 and Class III patients displayed significantly lower fractal dimension (FD) values in their mandibular condyles when compared to Class I patients. This might be associated with the possible presence of a temporomandibular disorder in Class II division I patients which resulted in changes to condylar structure, and with less bone complexity in the temporomandibular joint of older Class III patients likely due to continued condylar growth.

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The aim in this study was to determine the experiences, behaviors, and attitudes of married Turkish women of fertility age, towards menstruation. Of the 586 women who took part in the study 64.2% described their menarche as an unfavorable experience. A total of 48.8% of them felt they had to keep their menstruation as a secret, and 2.2% believed that menstruating was a punishment given by God. Most did not approve of religious observances such as reciting the Quran, performing the namaz, and fasting when menstruating. Women over thirty who had less education were more likely to think that these activities were unfavorable. Sexual intercourse during menstruation was viewed as unfavorable by 80.9% of the women and 80.4% said that they did not have intercourse then. The state of menarche was found to limit women's lives in both public and individual spheres. It is suggested that menstruation should be evaluated not only within the scope of women's health, but also as a social issue and accessibility to information on menstruation should be improved.