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In this research, four types of low cost and high performance ceramic microfiltration (MF) membranes have been employed in an in-line adsorption-MF process for oily wastewater treatment. Mullite, mullite-alumina, mullite-alumina-zeolite and mullite-zeolite membranes were fabricated as ceramic MF membranes by low cost kaolin clay, natural zeolite and α-alumina powder. Powdered activated carbon (PAC) and natural zeolite powder in concentrations of 100-800 mg L were used as adsorbent agent in the in-line adsorption-MF process. Performance of the hybrid adsorption-MF process for each concentration of PAC and natural zeolite powder was investigated by comparing quantity of permeation flux (PF) and total organic carbon (TOC) rejection during oily wastewater treatment. Results showed that by application of 400 mg L PAC in the adsorption-MF process with mullite and mullite-alumina membranes, TOC rejection was enhanced up to 99.5% in comparison to the MF only process. An increasing trend was observed in PF by application of 100-800 mg L PAC. Also, results demonstrated that the adsorption-MF process with natural zeolite powder has higher performance in comparison to the MF process for all membranes except mullite-alumina membranes in terms of PF. In fact, significant enhancement of PF and TOC rejection up to 99.9% were achieved by employing natural zeolite powder in the in-line adsorption-MF hybrid process.

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Four types of low-cost, high-performance ceramic microfiltration membranes have been fabricated and characterized using different analytic approaches for oily wastewater treatment. Mullite, mullite-alumina (MA) with 10-50 wt% alumina, mullite-alumina-zeolite (MAZ) with 10-40 wt% zeolite/alumina and mullite-zeolite (MZ) with 10-50 wt% zeolite content have been made using local clays. Factors such as their pure water permeation flux, oil rejection performance and permeation flux (PF) have been compared. Experimental results showed that MA 50% membranes have the highest steady-state PF of 549 Lm −2 h −1 among all the membranes at operating conditions with a cross-flow of velocity (CFV) = 1.5 m s −1 , transmembrane pressure (TMP) = 3 bar and temperature (T) = 35 ○ C. The lowest and highest oil rejection results for the membranes were 95.89% and 98.77% for MZ 10% and MZ 50% membranes, respectively. Also, Hermia's models accurately predict experimental data showing a PF decline over time during treatment.