BackgroundGermline mutations BRCA1 and BRCA2 contribute almost equally in the causation of breast cancer (BC). The type of mutations in the Indian population that cause this condition is largely unknown.PurposeIn this cohort, 79 randomized BC patients were screened for various types of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations including frameshift, nonsense, missense, in-frame and splice site types.Materials and methodsThe purified extracted DNA of each referral patient was subjected to Sanger gene sequencing using Codon Code Analyzer and Mutation Surveyor and next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods with Ion torrent software, after appropriate care.ResultsThe data revealed that 35 cases were positive for BRCA1 or BRCA2 (35/79: 44.3%). BRCA2 mutations were higher (52.4%) than BRCA1 mutations (47.6%). Five novel mutations detected in this study were p.pro163 frameshift, p.asn997 frameshift, p.ser148 frameshift and two splice site single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Additionally, four nonsense and one in-frame deletion were identified, which all seemed to be pathogenic. Polymorphic SNPs contributed the highest percentage of mutations (72/82: 87.8%) and contributed to pathogenic, likely pathogenic, likely benign, benign and variant of unknown significance (VUS). Young age groups (20–60 years) had a high frequency of germline mutations (62/82;75.6%) in the Indian population.ConclusionThis study suggested that polymorphic SNPs contributed a high percentage of mutations along with five novel types. Younger age groups are prone to having BC with a higher mutational rate. Furthermore, the SNPs detected in exons 10, 11 and 16 of BRCA1 and BRCA2 were higher than those in other exons 2, 3 and 9 polymorphic sites in two germline genes. These may be contributory for BC although missense types are known to be susceptible for cancer depending on the type of amino acid replaced in the protein and associated with pathologic events. Accordingly, appropriate counseling and treatment may be suggested.

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The basic aim of a wind-operated bike is to ensure safe and eco-friendly drive. Here, the bike is run with the help of the battery. When we accelerate the throttle, the electric current from battery passes to controller. Then controller will sense the electric power according to the throttle position. It transmits the electric current to BLDC motor. E-bike battery has limitation that it runs only around 70 km and after that, the battery will be discharged. Therefore, the interesting thing about the windoperated bike is the battery will continuously charge with the help of the DC motor. The DC motor having 300 R.P.M. and it produces 14v and 0.40A by using of fan. The fan is directly attached to the DC motor, we get continuous power at specific speed of the bike, and battery will be charged continually. The wind-operated bike must be eco- friendly i.e. there should be no emission; there should be enough speed to travel, efficiency and comfort. Its body should be strong enough to withstand the road shocks or bumps. There should be less charging time for charging the vehicle whenever it is required.