Deregulation of a broad range of protein kinases has been linked to the development and growth of cancer cells. Protein kinases are intracellular enzymes that regulate cell growth and proliferation as well as the triggering and regulation of immune responses. Protein kinases are important therapeutic targets in cancer because of their critical role in signalling mechanisms that drive malignant cell characteristics. Intensive efforts in drug research have been made in this area over the last two decades. The current study delves into the catalytic domain of a protein kinase as well as information transfer from the cell’s membrane to internal targets. It also discusses the function of protein kinases in signal transduction and their cellular signalling pathways. Furthermore, it specifically outlines a systematic method to hybrid therapies to solve the issue of protein kinase resistance. The therapeutic use of nitric oxide, as well as other targets such as Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K), Protein Kinase B (Akt), serine/threonine protein kinase (mTOR), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 MAPK), vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR), epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR), and anaplastic lymphoma (ALK) etc., According to the review article, selective therapy has shown high effectiveness in the treatment of advanced cancer, with protein kinase inhibitors being a main focus of the therapy. As a result, the latest review summarized that, the current state of science with the aim of identifying a novel protein kinase inhibitor that may be utilized in the treatment of advanced cancers.

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of female death, with a mortality rate of over 200,000 per year in developing countries. . Despite a decrease in cervical cancer occurrences in developed countries over the last decade, the frequency of the disease in developing nations continues to climb at an alarming rate, particularly when it is linked to the human papillomavirus (HPV). With just a few and highly invasive conventional therapies available, there is a clear need for novel treatment options such as nanotechnology-based chemotherapeutic drug delivery. Current limitations: Traditional anticancer therapy is limited by poor drug potency, non-specificity, unwanted side effects, and the development of multiple drug resistance (MDR), leading in a decrease in long-term anticancer therapeutic efficacy. An ideal cancer therapy requires a personalized and specialized medication delivery method capable of eradicating even the last cancer cell responsible for disease recurrence. Purpose: Nanotechnology provides effective drug delivery mechanisms, allowing it to serve both therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. Nanotechnology-based formulations are widely used to accurately target the target organ, maintain drug load bioactivity, preferentially accumulate the drug at the target location, and reduce cytotoxicity. Purpose: Nanotechnology provides effective drug delivery mechanisms, allowing it to serve both therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. Nanotechnology-based formulations are widely used to accurately target the target organ, maintain drug load bioactivity, preferentially accumulate the drug at the target location, and reduce cytotoxicity Future perspectives: The key benefits of this drug delivery are that it improves pharmacological activity, solubility, bioavailability, and reduces toxicity in the target tissue by targeting ligands, allowing for new innovative treatment methods in an area that is desperately required. The goal of this review is to highlight possible research on nanotechnology-based delivery systems for cancer detection and treatment.

In the present work, novel 3-(4-(5-(substituted phenyl)-3-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbonyl)phenylimino)-1-(substitutedmethyl)indolin-2-one derivatives were obtained via the reaction of 4-(1-(substituted methyl)-2-oxoindolin-3-ylideneamino) benzohydrazide with appropriate aromatic chalcone. The synthesized compounds were investigated for their in silico chemokine/CXCR6 inhibitory activity. The most effective chemokine inhibitors were also evaluated for their in vivo antiinflammatory activity. The 3-(4-(5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbonyl) phenylimino)-1-(morpholino methyl) indolin-2-one (5a) derivative showed significant chemokine inhibition with eleven amino acid interaction as compared with standard Acetaminophen whereas Celecoxib, Diclofenac, Indomethacin, Naproxen, Ibuprofen, Aspirin showed less amino acid interaction. Based on the theoretical study reports the in vivo antiinflammatory activity was performed for the 3-(4-(5-(substituted phenyl)-3-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbonyl)phenylimino)-1-(substitutedmethyl)indolin-2-one (5a-5l). The observed results of in vivo study indicate that the compounds 5a, 5c exhibited significant antiinflammatory activity.

Breast cancer is a major health concern as it is the second leading cause of death from cancer. There are several well-known risk factors that contribute to breast cancer. Despite the various treatment options available, complete cure is still difficult due to heterogenicity of BC subtypes. As a result, identifying BC subtypes is critical for determining the optimal treatment approach. Over the last several years, new drugs targeting particular therapeutic targets have resulted in significant advances in the treatment of breast cancer. Nonetheless, resistance to treatment is the “major” issue, and a significant increase in survival rates has been the main focus for researchers. The purpose of this review article is to provide a broad overview of the molecular basis of drug resistance in breast cancer, as well as a detailed assessment of current treatment options, potential new treatment methods for drug-resistant breast cancer and repurposed drugs used for treatment. The possibility of non-cancer drugs being studied for breast cancer in the future, as well as the obstacles and bottlenecks of drug repurposing, is also highlighted. Finally, we go through present problems and future prospects in drug-resistant breast cancer therapy.

Background: We synthesized a series of novel amide derivatives of (5-((2-chloropyridin-4-yl)oxy)-3-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-(4-substituted phenyl)-N,N-dimethylethen-1-amine [5a-5r] and assessed for their antiproliferative activity against human breast cancer cell line MCF7 by using MTT assay. Graph Theoretical analysis, in silico modeling, molecular dynamic studies, and ADME profile were screened for the synthesized compounds. Based on the observed report, the significant compounds were chosen for their anticancer activity. Graph Theoretical analysis, in silico modeling and molecular dynamic studies of (5-((2-chloropyridin-4-yl)oxy)-3-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-(4-substitutedphenyl)-N,N-dimethylethen-1-amine derivatives for the treatment of breast cancer. Methods: 5-((2-chloropyridin-4-yl)oxy) (2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-1- (4-substituted phenyl) -N,N-dimethylethen-1-amine [5a-5r] was synthesized using 2-bromo-1-phenylethanone and (5-(2-chloropyridin-4-yloxy)-3-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-N,N-dimethylmethanamine with different aromatic aldehydes and their characterization studies were evaluated by IR, NMR, and mass spectral analysis. Results: The compound 2-(4-methylphenyl)-1-(5-((2-chloropyridin-4-yl)oxy)-3-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-N,N-dimethylethen-1-amine 5a and 2-(2-methylphenyl)-1-(5-((2-chloro pyridin-4-yl)oxy)-3-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-N,N-dimethylethen-1-amine 5c in the amide part exhibited promising cytotoxic activity against all cell lines with IC50 values of 3.3 mM for MCF-7 cells, and produced dramatic cell cycle arrest at EGFR phase as an indicator of apoptotic cell death induction. Conclusion: Based on their high potency in the cellular environment, these straightforward pyrazole-3-carboxamide derivatives may possess the potential to design more potent compounds for intervention with cancer cell proliferation.