Background: Global TB burden in India in children is about 2.2 lakh per year, among which pulmonary TB is most common presentation. Childhood TB contributes to about 10-20% of all TB in high burden countries and accounting for 8-20% TB related deaths. Children up to 14 years constitute about 35% of the population in our country and are expected to contribute about 10% of the case load. In order to achieve ‘Zero death by TB’, additional focus has to be directed towards TB in children. Paediatric clinical feature is variable in tuberculosis. Many cases of primary TB infection in children are asymptomatic and remain completely unnoticed or accidentally discovered at a later stage. In this study we looked for clinical and radiological presentation of childhood TB and its correlation in diagnosis within a period of 1 year in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: Total 254 children suspected of having tuberculosis were enrolled in the study and various microbiological, laboratory and radiological tests were used to diagnose the patients. Clinical samples were processed using standardized protocols. CBNAAT was the initial test of choice for microbiological confirmation. Results: Among 254 children, 69(27%) had pulmonary tuberculosis, extrapulmonary tuberculosis was found in 76(30%) children. Fever was the most common (in 100% cases) symptom in pulmonary TB. Most common radiological presentation was segmental consolidation (44%). Amongst 69 pulmonary TB patients, 16(23%) were Rifampicin resistant by CBNAAT method. Conclusion: Primary childhood TB being paucibacillary, makes microbiological diagnosis (gold standard) difficult. In relevant clinical setting, certain radiological lesions may be highly suggestive of tuberculosis: miliary pattern, hilar and/or paratracheal lymphadenopathy with or without parenchymal involvement and fibro-cavitatory lesions. All presumptive TB cases with these radiological patterns are considered to be probable TB and should be subjected to microbiological testing to confirm the diagnosis.

Introduction: Cord blood would be a feasible and simple method for detecting cholesterol level at birth. Neonatal lipids level could serve as a guide to know the physiological levels of lipids required for maintaining the normal bodily mechanisms. Aim: To compare the cord blood lipid profile of 300 newborn babies born to hypertensive and normotensive mothers. Materials and Methods: The case-control study was done in the Department of Paediatrics, GCS Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India, for the period of one year from Jan 2019 to Jan 2020. A total of 300 pregnant ladies were included in the study. They were divided in two groups: group A consisted of 150 newborns who were born to 150 hypertensive mothers and group B consisted of 150 newborns who were born to 150 non hypertensive mothers. Five millilitres of cord blood were collected from the placental end of the umbilical vein, and then the serum was separated by centrifugation. Data was collected and mean±SD were calculated. Chi-square test and Mann Whitney test were done for statistical analysis. Results: When the cord blood was evaluated for the cholesterol, Triglyceride (TG) (p-value 0.001), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) (p-value 0.001) and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) (p-value 0.001) level; it was found that in group A the levels were more in mean value as compared to the non hypertensive group, where the level was found to be lower than the mean value. The difference was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: Hypertensive status of mother could impact neonatal lipid profile; however, larger prospective studies are required to validate these results.