Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a reversible pregnancy-specific cholestatic condition characterized by pruritus, elevated liver enzymes, and increased serum bile acids. It commences usually in the late second or third trimester, and quickly resolves after delivery. The incidence is higher in South American and Scandinavian countries (9.2%-15.6% and 1.5%, respectively) than in Europe (0.1%-0.2%). The etiology is multifactorial where genetic, endocrine, and environmental factors interact. Maternal outcome is usually benign, whereas fetal complications such as preterm labor, meconium staining, fetal distress, and sudden intrauterine fetal demise not infrequently lead to considerable perinatal morbidity and mortality. Ursodeoxycholic acid is shown to be the most efficient therapeutic agent with proven safety and efficacy. Management of ICP consists of careful monitoring of maternal hepatic function tests and serum bile acid levels in addition to the assessment of fetal well-being and timely delivery after completion of fetal pulmonary maturity. This review focuses on the current concepts about ICP based on recent literature data and presents an update regarding the diagnosis and management of this challenging issue.

Purpose:Patients receiving treatment for benign prostate hyperplasia may have persistent storage symptoms. There has been increasing debate on the precision and accuracy of the International Prostate Symptom Score questionnaires over other questionnaires in evaluating all the complaints of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). The aim of this study was to perform the validity and reliability analysis of the Turkish version of the Internatinal Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Male LUTS (ICIQ-MLUTS).Methods:Linguistic validation was studied (i.e., translation and back translation). Intelligibility was completed between October 2013 and November 2013. Data was collected between November 2013 and March 2014. The stability and reliability of the form were measured with the Cronbach test.Results:In total, 117 male patients were included in the study. At the first visit, the mean age of the patients was 59 years (range, 18–84 years). For reliability, the Cronbach alpha value was 0.798, demonstrating the internal consistency of the form (r>0.7). The internal consistency of each question was examined separately and found to be over 0.7. For the evaluation of test-retest reliability, the test was administered to 116 patients for a second time with an interval of 2–4 weeks. The first and second test scores for each question were found to be correlated (r=0.741).Conclusions:ICIQ-MLUTS is a new questionnaire, which can be used for evaluating male LUTS in Turkey. We believe that the Turkish version of the ICIQ-MLUTS is an important breakthrough in our country.

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Introduction: We analyze our recent results and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of bilateral single-session ureterorenoscopy (URS) for bilateral ureteral stones. Patients and Methods: 55 patients underwent URS with pneumatic lithotripsy (PL) for bilateral stones. 61 (55.5%), 28 (25.4%) and 21 (19.1%) stones were located in the lower, middle and upper ureter, respectively. Results: Of the 110 stones, 99 (90.0%) were fragmented in a single procedure. The stone clearance rate was 94.5% after the second session. The stone clearance rates with regard to stone location were 71.4, 89.3 and 96.7% for the upper, middle and lower ureter, respectively. An analysis of the clearance rates based on location demonstrated that lower ureteric stones were more successfully removed than upper ureteric stones (96.7 vs.71.4%, p = 0.003). Conclusion: Bilateral single-session URS with PL is a highly effective treatment modality for bilateral ureteral stones. The success rate of PL is affected by stone size and location.

BackgroundTurner’s syndrome (TS) is depicted as a total or partial absence of one X chromosome that results in ovarian dysgenesis. Chances of spontaneous pregnancy in TS are rare and the outcome of the pregnancies is known to be poor with an increased risk of miscarriage and stillbirths. Our aim is to evaluate reproductive and obstetric outcomes of natural conception and in-vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles in mosaic TS patients.MethodsA total of 22 mosaic TS cases (seventeen 45,X/46,XX and five 45,X/46,XX/47,XXX karyotypes) were evaluated.ResultsLive birth and abortion rates were found as 32.7 % and 67.3 %, respectively in 52 pregnancies. Implantation, clinical pregnancy and take home baby rates were detected as 3.7 %, 8.6 % and 5.7 %, respectively per IVF cycle as a result of 35 cycles. Fecundability analysis revealed that 5 % of the cases experienced first pregnancy within 6 months and 8 % within the first 2 years. Mosaicism ratio did not have an effect on the time to the first pregnancy (p = .149).ConclusionOnly a small proportion of the mosaic TS patients conceive in the first 2 years of the marriage. Age of menarche and age of marriage appear not to have any impact on the chance of conceiving. Mosaic TS cases should counseled about the low odds of pregnancy and high miscarriage rates.