Aim of this study is to investigate the casual relationship between tourism, financial development, energy consumptions and carbon emissions in Turkey and four European Union countries France, Spain, Italy and Greece which are the main competitors of Turkish tourism for the 1995-2010 period. According to the results of the study, for the panel as a whole there are statistically significant feedback effects between the variables. One per cent increase in energy consumption will rise CO 2 emission by 3.02 %, a one per cent increase in the financial development will decrease CO 2 emission by 0.12 % and also one percentage increase in tourist arrival will decrease CO 2 emission by 0.11 %. The causality analysis shows uni-directional causal relationship between the tourist arrivals and financial development. And also there is a bi-directional causality relationship between CO 2 emission, financial development, and energy and tourist arrival.

Medikal turizm sağlık turizminin bir türüdür ve ileri tedavi, organ nakli, tüp bebek uygulamaları, estetik cerrahi, saç ekimi, göz, diş, diyaliz tedavileri vb. hizmetlerin alınabilmesi için başka ülkeye gerçekleştirilen ziyaretleri ifade eden bir kavramdır. Sağlık turizminin bir çeşidi olmakla birlikte genellikle sağlık turizmiyle birlikte anılır. Bu çalışmada, İstanbul'da faaliyet gösteren özel bir hastanede çalışan sağlık personelinin medikal turizme bakış açılarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Toplam 30 sorudan oluşan bir anket hastanede çalışan 100 sağlık personeline uygulanmıştır. Katılımcılar hasta ile iletişimde, ödemeler konusunda, hastane kurallarında, hasta yakınları ile iletişimde ve aracı kurumlar ile önemli bir düzeyde bir sorun yaşamadıklarını belirtmişlerdir. Yabancı hastaların Türk hastanelerini tercih etme sebeplerini sıralarken ülkemizdeki sağlık hizmet standartlarının yüksek oluşunu, hekim kadrolarının tatmin edici olmasını ve uluslararası tanınırlığını ilk sıralarda göstermişlerdir. Çalışmamızın sonucunda görülmüştür ki, medikal turizmin her iki tarafında bulunan sağlık hizmeti sunucuları ve sağlık hizmeti kullanıcıları açısından olumlu bir durum vardır. Çalışanların eğitimi konusundaki iyileştirmeler ve gerekli tanıtımların arttırılması ile ülkemizin çok daha iyi bir düzeye geleceği düşünülmektedir.

Esports is a sports branch in which strategies and plans are heavily involved, requires physical and mental effort, has started to interact with modern sports and is based on online games. The aim of this research is to reveal the metaphorical perceptions of trainers, one of the important parts of the branch, towards the concept of esports. A total of 50 coach candidates, 40 male and 10 female, who attended the esports 1st level coaching course, which was held for the first time in our country in 2021, participated in the research. Phenomenology design, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the research. In obtaining the data, a personal information form was applied to each coach candidate, and among the coach candidates, “esports is like/similar to ……; because ...…” were asked to complete the sentence. The data collection tool was implemented by researchers personally. In addition, all participants took part in the study on a voluntary basis. In the analysis of the data, the stages of naming, screening, category development, ensuring validity and reliability, calculating, interpreting and examining the frequencies of the resulting metaphors were followed. Although the fact that computer games are seen as unhealthy is an indicator of bigger problems for esports, it was seen in this study that most of the coach candidates gave positive feedback on the concept of esports. It is recommended to repeat the study in order to determine the coaching needs of esports trainers, which may occur with technological developments, with annual follow-ups.

Esports is a sports discipline in which strategies and plans are heavily involved, requires physical and mental effort, has started to interact with modern sports and is based on online games. The aim of this research is to reveal the metaphorical perceptions of trainers, one of the important parts of the discipline, towards the concept of esports. A total of 50 coach candidates, 40 male and 10 female, who attended the esports 1st level coaching course, which was held for the first time in our country in 2021, participated in the research. Phenomenology design, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the research. In obtaining the data, a personal information form was applied to each coach candidate, and among the coach candidates, “esports is like/similar to ……; because ...…” were asked to complete the sentence. The data collection tool was implemented by researchers personally. In addition, all participants took part in the study on a voluntary basis. In the analysis of the data, the stages of naming, screening, category development, ensuring validity and reliability, calculating, interpreting and examining the frequencies of the resulting metaphors were followed. Although the fact that computer games are seen as unhealthy is an indicator of bigger problems for esports, it was seen in this study that most of the coach candidates gave positive feedback on the concept of esports. It is recommended to repeat the study in order to determine the coaching needs of esports trainers, which may occur with technological developments, with annual follow-ups.

Esports athletes are undoubtedly the most critical element of the esports sector, which embodies a growing economy all over the world. In the literature, there are yet no researches on the professional expectations and career prospects of those who build their career on professional esports athlete. Therefore, this study aims to examine the impact of future expectations of professional esports players in Turkey on their career planning behaviors with factors career adaptability, career optimism, and Perceived knowledge of the job market. The data collected by the survey method were analyzed with computer-aided statistics and Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) software. According to the results, there is a positive and meaningful relationship in the same direction with the future expectations of Turkish professional esport athletes and their career futures and planning attitudes. The future expectations of esport athletes positively affect their career compatibility and career optimism moderately, their perceptions towards the esports Job market weakly. In this sense, the sample group has a perception of a career future suitable for the esports ecosystem for a sustainable esports career.