This study aimed to determine the effect of perceived social support on the mental toughness levels of students who took the special talent exam at Aydın Adnan Menderes University. As a data collection tool, the “Mental Toughness Scale (MTS),” developed by Madrigal, Hamill, and Gill (2013) and adapted into Turkish by Erdoğan (2016), was used. For social support, the “Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support,” developed by Zimet et al. (1988) and adapted into Turkish by Eker et al. (2001), was used. A total of 901 participants, 243 women, and 658 men, were recruited for the study. As a result of the reliability analysis of the scales, the Cronbach’s Alpha value of the Mental Toughness Scale was found to be 0.93, and the Cronbach’s Alpha value of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support was found to be 0.92. Path analysis was applied in the Structural equation model to determine the effect of the students’ perceived social support who took the special talent exam on their mental toughness levels. Analysis showed that the family dimension had a statistically significant positive effect on mental toughness (β: 0.129, p
In this research it was aimed to examine the institutionalization studies of football before TİCİ. The research is designed using descriptive and reviewing method. As in the beginning of the 20th century, as in the whole world, football has begun to attract great attention in Turkish society. Especially during the Ottoman period political and religious reasons prevented the play of football. For this reason, Football mostly played by strangers pre-Republic period and with the declaration of the under different names and in different regions, the common goals of these sports organizations are "football" that they constituted the first noninstitutional organizations of football federation.
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