The purpose of this review paper is to identify the core spelling errors in Arabic and Non Arabic Contexts. The most common difficulty that Arab learners may face during their English writing is correct spelling, for many different reasons such as the interference between English and Arabic language and the irregularity of the English language system. Several studies have been undertaken to evaluate writing mistakes and spelling errors in English, and most of them have classified spelling errors into three different categories: morphemic errors, where the errors occur in the morphemes parts (prefixes and suffixes); Intra-Morphemic errors, where errors occur in the word roots themselves such as deleting the final (silent) e vowel in the word write, and splits types, where the learners leave a space inside the word for example, write my self as two words instead of myself, one word. Apart from the three categories mentioned above, other studies claim that there are eight different types of error related to the abilities of the students and the nature of the error, and these include inversion, omission, substitution, segmentation, insertion, pronunciation, miscellaneous, and unclassified errors. In this review paper, we have found interlingual and intralingual –related errors where interlingual errors are mainly caused by the interference of the primary or mother language, while, intralingual errors are due to the system and instruction of the target language. Finally, suggestions are given based on previous research about how to review the spelling errors in Arabic and Non Arabic contexts to identify the error and also overcome the problem through alternatives that can be implemented to create a positive impact and can be furthermore used for all types of positive learning.

This study aims at investigating the Sudanese criminal and civil judicial precedents so as to gain a better understanding of the communicative purposes of each subgenre and the variation in demands across the two subgenres using genre analysis. It adopted the mixed approach, using Maxqda application, to investigate the generic features, the moves, the sub-moves; as well as how problems are solved and decisions arrived at. The investigation shows that the law practitioners should know the intrinsic nature of these judicial precedents by examining their generic features, concepts, functions and approaches. Also, the analysis of the typical generic moves and sub-moves clearly reveals that the judicial precedents across the two subgenres have some overlapping generic structures at all levels.  Most of the judicial precedents in the corpus seem to have the typical generic move structures. The analysis of the specific generic move structures reveals slight generic differences of judicial precedents. Finally, there are still evidences of slight variation across the two subgenres at sub-move level.