No abstract

Breast cancer is responsible for the death of millions of women worldwide every year. It is widespread in the world and Iraq that become a genuine problem for public health. Several clinical, diagnostic and pathological techniques have been introduced to get early detection of breast tumors. The uses of current known tumors markers have many limitations. New technique for diagnosis of breast cancer involve detection of extracellular vesicles (EVs) exosomes and its phosphoproteins as a product of cancer cells which represent a non-invasive liquid biopsy that may replace the invasive surgical method.

To determine the changes in Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in addition to measuring the changes in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) which considered as antioxidant enzymes in autistic children receiving melatonin supplementation to evaluate its antioxidant role in autism. A follow-up study was performed in therapeutics and clinical pharmacy Department, Baghdad College of Medical Sciences, Baghdad - Iraq. The study was performed on 55 autistic children who had recruited from several private institutions specialized in autistic children care, Baghdad, Iraq between June 2018 and November 2018. The levels of melatonin, MDA, SOD and CAT were measured in the serum of 55 patients before and after receiving melatonin supplementation for three months. The results revealed statistically significant differences in the levels of melatonin, MDA, SOD and CAT between patients before and after receiving melatonin supplement. Furthermore, melatonin levels showed significant positive correlations with both SOD and CAT in addition to a significant positive correlation between SOD and CAT while MDA levels showed significant negative correlations with melatonin, SOD and CAT in autistic patients before and after receiving the supplement. Melatonin levels, CAT and SOD activity, showed to be improved significantly by melatonin supplementation with a concomitant reduction in the levels of MDA as an indicator of a decrease in oxidative stress in autistic children.

Objectives: To determine the changes in the levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in autistic children receiving melatonin supplementation to evaluate its antioxidant role in autism. Methods: A follow-up study was carried out in the Department of therapeutics and clinical pharmacy, Baghdad College of Medical Sciences, Baghdad - Iraq. The study was performed on 55 autistic children who had recruited from several private institutions specialized in autistic children care, Baghdad, Iraq between June 2018 and November 2018. The levels of melatonin, MDA, SOD and CAT were measured in the serum of 55 patients before and after receiving melatonin supplementation for three months. Results: The results revealed statistically significant differences in the levels of melatonin, MDA, SOD and CAT between patients before and after receiving melatonin supplement. Furthermore, melatonin levels showed significant positive correlations with both SOD and CAT in addition to a significant positive correlation between SOD and CAT while MDA levels showed significant negative correlations with melatonin, SOD and CAT in autistic patients before and after receiving the supplement. Conclusions: Melatonin levels, CAT and SOD activity showed to be improved significantly by melatonin supplementation with a concomitant reduction in the levels of MDA as an indicator of a decrease in an oxidative stress in autistic children.

Infertility is generally defined as a Time to pregnancy (TTP) of longer than 12 months among couples who engage in unprotected intercourse in the fertile days of the menstrual cycle, any specific threshold is arbitrary. The prevalence of infertility differs greatly from one country to another, being 15% globally, >30% in some developing countries, and 17-28% in industrialized countries. The term ‘implantation failure’ can be used to describe both patients who have never shown quantifiable signs of implantation such as increased levels of hCG, and those who have increased hCG production without later ultrasound evidence of a gestational sac. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is a form of assisted reproductive technology in which a single sperm is injected into the cytoplasm of an egg in order to fertilize it. Complete fertilization failure following ICSI is an uncommon occurrence (1–3 percent), although it does occur even when spermatozoa appear to be normal. Furthermore, in some individuals, low to moderate fertilization (30 percent) has been reported in repeated ICSI cycles. Fertilization failure with ICSI is not the same as it is with traditional IVF technique. 60–90 percent of oocytes which showed a fertilization failure in traditional IVF are devoid of sperm nuclei, assuming that sperm ejection or penetration failure is the most common reason for the failure in fertilization process.