Background: Creating healthy nursing practice environment that free from negative behaviors such as counterproductive work behavior is a major responsibility of healthcare organization. Counterproductive work behavior might hinder healthcare organization from achieving such healthy environment because it has multiple negative impacts to nurses and organizationAim: Investigate the relationship between nursing practice environment and counterproductive work behavior among staff nurses at Gastroenterology Center Mansoura University. Method: Descriptive correlational design was utilized, included 174 staff nurses working at Gastroenterology Center Mansoura University. Data was collected by using two tools, nursing practice environment questionnaire, and counterproductive work behavior questionnaire. Results: Revealed that the highest mean percentage (72.08%) was related to collegial nurse physician relationships as a characteristic of nursing practice environment. While, the lowest mean percentage (63.94%) was related to nurse participation in hospital affairs. As well as, the highest mean percentages of counterproductive work behavior were related to abuse and withdrawal, while the lowest perception was related to sabotage. Also, there was a highly statistically significant negative correlation between nursing practice environment and counterproductive work behavior. Conclusion: Nursing practice environment was mainly characterized by good relationship and collaboration between nurses and physicians, adequate policy and planning around patient care. Also, counterproductive work behavior had low level of occurrence among staff nurses. This means good nursing practice environment decreased counterproductive work behavior among staff nurses. Recommendations: Providing the chance for staff nurses to share in policy decisions. Designing and implementing strategies to reduce CWB by adopting zero tolerance strategies.