No abstract

Marine structures, offshore platforms and bridge piers are usually supported on foundation piles. These piles are subjected to lateral loading due to wind, waves and currents. Piles installed in marine or river environments are susceptible to scour depending on wave and current characteristics and soil types. In this paper, the effect of local and global scour on behavior of laterally loaded piles installed in different soil conditions has been investigated. Finite element model (FEM) using the software program PLAXIS and Winkler model using the software program LPILE were used in the analyses. Different parameters were investigated such as soil types, scour depth, scour hole dimension, pile material, submerged condition, magnitude of lateral load and load eccentricity. The results showed that scour has a significant impact on piles installed in sand and a less significant impact on piles installed in clay. Global scour has a significant impact on pile lateral displacement and bending stresses. The effect of scour is more significant if piles are subjected to large lateral loads due to the nonlinear response of pile-soil system. Effect of scour of stiff clayey soils on piles is more pronounced than that of soft clayey soils.

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Tracheal stenosis (TS) is abnormal tracheal lumen narrowing that can impair sufficient airflow and cause severe morbidity. Any level of the trachea can be affected from the cricoid cartilage to the main carina.TS may be congenital or idiopathic but most commonly is secondary to a variety of pathologies including tracheal trauma, malignancy, extrinsic compression or iatrogenic. Endotracheal intubation and tracheostomy are considered the most common causes of TS. 1 Historically, surgical management has been the mainstay of treatment in such cases, while endoscopic procedures are often viewed as a bridge to definitive surgical intervention either in simple stenosis or in high-risk patients. However, with the recent advances in the field of interventional pulmonology, definitive management of TS using multiple endoscopic methods became increasingly common especially in patients deemed non-operable. 2 We aimed to prospectively investigate the role of bronchoscopic management either by mechanical dilatation and

Socioeconomically disadvantaged people are more frequent users of healthcare, as are the elderly. This situation is now disrupted with the rapid onset COVID-19 pandemic and its effect on the health system. Amidst a great deal of uncertainty and mixed messages from the WHO, Ministries of health and scientific communities, a methodology to keep the standard operating procedures of the school needs to be in place in order to allow the hospital to respond to its catchment area requirements. A number of focus groups and planning sessions were conducted using a purposeful sample of service providers in Ain Shams University Hospitals. A set of three guiding documents were generated and tested for agreeability and utility. All hospitals need to join forces to systematically organize the chaotic situation we are living with this post COVID-19 pandemic.